Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the function of Chromatin?
Packaging and Condensing DNA
Preventing DNA Damage
Controlling gene expression
What is the first unit of Chromatin? What is its structure?
The nucleosome
DNA wrapped around a core
Core is an octamer of histone proteins
In a Nucleosome what is the role of H1 (Histone 1)?
Brings nucleosomes together into rings which stack to form the Solenoid Fibre
The _____ coil to form Chromosomes
Solenoid fibres
What are the two types of Chromatin?
Euchromatin & Heterochromatin
In Euchromatin, nucleosomes are _______ packed. Why?
loosely packed
allows DNA to be accessed easily by transcription factors- this means its highly transcribed
What are the two types of Heterochromatin?
Constitutive Heterochromatin- same regions of the genome in all cells
Facultative Heterochromatin- areas differ between cell types
Histone tails regulate __________
chromatin structure
What is a chromosome?
A linear, compacted DNA molecule with associated proteins that encodes genetic information
Where is the Transcriptional Initiation site in a chromosome? What does it do?
After the promoter region, where RNA transcription begins and the first nucleotide is transcribed
What is the Promoter Region in a Chromosome? Where is it?
First part of Chromosome- where DNA sequence for transcription is assembled
How are genes named?
Given names that:
Reflect function
Reflect the family of related genes
Reflect the disease the gene is associated.
Translational antibiotics target the difference between _______________
prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes
How do Antibiotics target translation?
Give an example of an antibiotic and its effects on translation.
Inhibit protein synthesis
e.g. Tetracycline- interferes with tRNA anticodon reading
Erythromycin- prevents movement along the mRNA chain
What organelles are involved in protein sorting?
Secretory vesicle
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
