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A-level health and social > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Growth

A

An increase in a measurable quantity such as height or weight

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2
Q

Define Development

A

The complex changes in skills and capabilities that an individual experiences as they grow

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3
Q

What does P.I.E.S stand for?

A

Physical Intellectual Emotional Social

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4
Q

What are the areas of development that we look at in human health?

A

physical, language, and communication, cognitive, social/emotional

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5
Q

How many life stages are there?

A

6

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6
Q

What are the 6 life stages and their ages?

A 
Birth and Infancy (0-2)
Early Childhood (3-8)
Adolescence (9-18)
Early Adulthood (19-45)
Middle Adulthood (46-65)
Later Adulthood (65+)
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7
Q

What do adolescents experience?

A

Growth spurts and develop sexual characteristics

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8
Q

Infants reach approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2, True or False?

A

True

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9
Q

What are the 4 principles of growth?

A
  • Growth rates are not constant
  • Different parts of the body grow at different times
  • Growth rates vary between children
  • Boys usually grow faster than girls, as they tend to grow taller
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10
Q

What is physical development?

A

Growth and other physical changes that happens in the body through the life stages

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11
Q

What is Intellectual development?

A

The development of language, memory and thinking skills

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12
Q

What is Emotional development?

A

The ability to cope with feelings about ourselves and others

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13
Q

What is social development?

A

The ability to form friendships and relationships and to learn to be independent

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14
Q

Define life span

A

The length of time a person functions from birth til death

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15
Q

Define life stages

A

The particular phases a person will go through in their life span

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16
Q

What are the 2 life stages where an individual experiences the greatest growth?

A

Puberty and Infancy

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17
Q

Why will a baby’s head circumference be measured a birth and between 6-8 weeks?

A

To check the size and growth of the brain

18
Q

What do healthy newborns usually do?

A

Double their birth weight by 4-5 months and triple it by 1 year

19
Q

what is meant by ‘growth is continuous, but not smooth’’

A

Every single person has a different growth rate, the sequence of growth and development is the same for all children

20
Q

What will a health visitor will do?

A

Plot the results on a growth chart to ensure they meet their milestones as it allows them to identify issues, for example; being underweight or growing to slowly

21
Q

What are the 8 principles of development?

A
  • It happens from head to toe (proximodistal development)
  • An infant will first be able to control their head
  • Then develop control over body to enable them to sit
  • Then control over their legs and feet to allow them to crawl and eventually walk
  • From inside to outside (Cephalo Caudal)
  • An infant learns to control movement in their body first, then in their arms and legs
  • Finally, they learn to control the small muscles in their fingers
  • Areas of development are dependent on and influence each other
22
Q

Define Developmental norms

A

(Key Milestones) are the stages that every individual is expected to develop at particular stages in their life

23
Q

What do developmental norms include?

A

Walking, talking. tying shoe laces, is able to use a pen

24
Q

How can gross motor skills be developed?

A

Observation

25
Q

How do fine motor skills involve coordination?

A

As it involves coordinating the small muscles in the hands and fingers to work together.

26
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a newborn?

A

Fine: Hold their thumbs (tucked into their hands)
Gross: Primitive reflexes such as grasping

27
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 1 month old?

A

Fine: Opens hand to grasp a finger
Gross: Lifts chin, some control of head

28
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 3 months old?

A

Fine: Can briefly grasp a rattle
Gross: Can lift their head and chest when lying on front

29
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 6 months old?

A

Fine: Moves objects from hand to hand, can pick up dropped toys
Gross: Rolls over, can sit up for a short time without support, kicks legs when held

30
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 9-10 months old?

A

Fine: Uses fingers and thumb to hold a small object
Gross: Crawls, begins to cruise (walking while holding onto objects)

31
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 12-13 months old?

A

Fine: Manipulates and places toys
Gross: Stands alone can without help

32
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is 18 months old?

A

Fine: Builds a short tower with blocks
Gross: Climbs onto furniture

33
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is a 2 years old?

A

Fine: Draws circles and lines and can turn a page
Gross: Propels a sit-on toy with their feet, throws a large ball

34
Q

What are the gross and fine motor skills for a baby who is a 2 and a half years old?

A

Fine: Uses a spoon and a fork, builds a tower of 7-8 blocks
Gross: Jumps from a low step, kicks a ball

35
Q

What does becoming more independent mean?

A

Completing tasks on own or with little support, not being an independent person

36
Q

What is a schema?

A

A schema is a category of knowledge as well as a process of acquiring new skills

(Building blocks of knowledge)

37
Q

What are piaget’s four stages?

A

Stage 1: Sensorimotor
Stage 2: Pre-operational
Stage 3: Concrete Operational
Stage 4: Formal Operational

38
Q

What is the sensorimotor stage?

A

The infant only knows the word via its immediate senses, sight, taste, touch, sounds (sensory) and the (motor) actions it performs. As a results, infants invent way to problem solve by opening, closing and moving objects between places. Piaget believed that babies would have no way of remembering and thinking about the world until they are 18 months old. We know this because infants lack the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. At 8 months children will search for the object but will tend to search in places it had seen the object hidden before - even though the object is visually moved to a new hiding place. At 0-5 months an object that was visually hidden is not searched for.

39
Q

What is the Pre-operational stage?

A

Through this stage the child continues to add or create new schemas (concepts). The child is still dominated by the sensory information it receives and is very influenced by the apparent be of things; sight. They fail to be able to carry out logical operations and show centration (only focus on one aspect of an object at a time). The child will learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view off other people. For example: A researcher might take a lump of clay, he divides it into tow equal pieces, then give a child the choice between two piece of clay to play with, one piece of clay is rolled into a compact ball while the other is smashed into a flat pancake shape. Since the flat shape looks larger, the pre-operational child will likely choose that piece en thought the two pieces are exactly the same.

40
Q

What is the concrete operational stage?

A

Children use practical resources to help them understand the world, such as using counters for mathematics. They can now classify, categories and use logic to understand things they see. At this point, children also become less egocentric and begin to think about how other people might think and feel. Children in the concrete operational stage also begin to understand that their thoughts are unique to them and that not everyone else necessarily shares their thoughts, feelings and opinions.

41
Q

What is the Formal operational stage?

A

Young people now have the capacity for abstract thought, rational thought and problem solving. Ideas are now reasoned and can be thought about through verbal statements, without the use of visual aids or concrete examples. They can think about hypothetical (forethought imagining) problems such as planned bus journeys. Consequences are now considered and are planned in advance.

A-level health and social (1 decks)

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