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Spain foreign policy > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A broader scheme. All interactions between the actors on the international scene

A

International relations

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2
Q

A specific policy that is shared in the international community. Example: climate policies.

A

International policy

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3
Q

A coherent policy, plan, a strategy that is created in order to obtain national interests abroad.

A

Foreign policy

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4
Q

What is the characteristic of a foreign policy?

A

It is long term

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5
Q

Something abstract, and talking from the point of view of an actor.

A

Foreign relations

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6
Q

Issues regarding the Spanish foreign policy

A

-No coherent plan based on the national interest

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7
Q

What is the one policy that all Spanish governments have defended?

A

The territorial integrity of Gibraltar

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8
Q

Why is there no coherent national plan in Spain?

A

It changes with every new government

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9
Q

Can we talk about a Spanish international policy?

A

No. An international policy is shared by the whole international community

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10
Q

Can we use different terms as synonyms, ex: foreign policy, and international policy?

A

No, they have different meanings.

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11
Q

Does everyone agree that the foreign policy is mainly in regards to the State?

A

No. Some believe that it is mainly about the external behavior of a State, but others believe that it also includes other actors

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12
Q

The foreign policy is not exclusively linked to states, but it must have an…

A

official authoritative link to the governmental institutions

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13
Q

Who are the main actors in foreign policy, according to Spanish authors?

A

The States

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14
Q

Does the Spanish law regard the government or the State?

A

The government. It does therefore not present the foreign policy as a State issue.

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15
Q

Can comunidades autonomas act in foreign relations?

A

Yes, since they are public administrations

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16
Q

Doe sthe comunidades autonomas need the authorization of the Spanish government in order to act in foreign relations?

A

No

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17
Q

What are the two groups of goals in defense policies?

A

Aims and short term goals

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18
Q

Definition of aims in defense policy

A

long term policies, state policies. Even war if necessary.

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19
Q

Definition of short term goals in defense policy

A

Short term goals, depends on the interest of the government in power

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20
Q

Is the UK being willing to go to war over the free navigation of waters a short term goal or an aim in defense policy?

A

an aim

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21
Q

why were Spain and the UK enemies?

A

The question of free movement of the oceans

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22
Q

Defense or security policy?

  • A broader aim, a broader scope of the foreign policy.
  • Domestic and foreign issues
  • Risk and uncertainty
  • Has to do with the lack of information
A

Security policy

23
Q

What are the issues related to the security policy?

A

Economic problems, climate issues, anything that can pose a threat to the state and its citizens.

24
Q

Example of how risk and uncertainty go hand in hand in foreign policy

A

Ex: India and Pakistan are in a state of uncertainty, and they face a risk as they are both nuclear powers. Whilst France and Germany who are both facing a risk of being nuclear powers, they do not have the uncertainty factor.

25
Q

Security is both a

A

feeling and a reality

26
Q

Many policies are based on

A

Perceptions

27
Q

Was it worth killing Saddam Hussein? is an example of what in security policy

A

A trade off in order to get security

28
Q

Do we most often respond to a feeling of security or the reality of security?

A

The feeling of security. We tend to exaggerate small risks and downplay larger risks

29
Q

What are the types of risks that end up in the news papers?

A

the rare and small risks

30
Q

Why is it a reality that we tend to exaggerate small risks and downplay larger risks?

A

We are good at small numbers, but have trouble with bigger risks.

31
Q

What is important for your feelings to match reality?

A

Knowledge

32
Q

A security theater is;

A

make people feel secure, even though the reality is that that there is no big threat.

33
Q

We need this to understand the risks we face. An intelligent representation of reality that is only limited by technology and research.

A

Models

34
Q

Where can we get models from?

A

media, elected officials, industry, science.

35
Q

What kind of data do we tend to accept?

A

The data that complement our believes

36
Q

What are the 4 different factors when studying the foreign policy of a country?

A
  1. Structural
  2. Organizational
  3. Instrumental
  4. Cultural and values
37
Q

What forms part of the Structural factors?

A

Geographical and demographical

38
Q

What forms part of the organizational factor?

A

Economy and politics

39
Q

What forms part of the instrumental factor?

A

Science, technology and juridical system

40
Q

Are all factors equally important in every state when analyzing the foreign policy?

A

No. Some can be decisive and other might not be as relevant

41
Q

Are state factors static?

A

They are more or less permanent, but they can change

42
Q

What er the 4 stages to create a foreign policy?

A
  1. The planning and design
  2. Decision making
  3. the execution
  4. Control
43
Q

What is included in the planning and design stage of the foreign policy creation?

A
  • collect information

- The importance of diplomatic staff and media

44
Q

What er the three patterns within the decision making stage?

A
  1. the rational actor
  2. The bureaucrat
  3. The psychological
45
Q

Decision making pattern: decisions are made on the best option, best policy. On the opposite side of this we have what is acceptable for the citizens. The rational actor would not take this into account. Decision makers only care about the best solution.

A

The rational actor

46
Q

Decision making pattern: decisions follow the structure of the bureaucratic structure of the state. Decisions are made to formal criteria. Processes, everything has a rule. When decisions are made, there are clashing agendas due to different departments with different interests. Departments must fight over the limited resources that the government obtains.

A

The bureaucrat

47
Q

Decision making pattern: based on emotions and perceptions. The basis are values, national values. It is very different to change this pattern, and it is the most used when designing a policy. The opposite of the rational actor.

A

Decision making pattern: the psychological

48
Q

What are the two basic tools to achieve foreign policy objectives?

A

Cooperation and war

49
Q

What three subfields are included in the last phase, the control, of the foreign policy creation?

A
  1. National
  2. International
  3. Popular
50
Q

Will the international framework and the state interest always match?

A

No.

51
Q

What do we mean when we say that the foreign policy is and opaque policy?

A

Citizens does not have a lot of information about it as there is a lot of confidential material.

52
Q

What are two important aspect to take into account when analyzing a foreign policy?

A

Domestic and international context

53
Q

Will states always have a real interest in going through with their statements regarding foreign policy?

A

No. Ex: Spanish governments have said that they want to improve their relations with China. There has however not been invested any material efforts into making this happen.

Spain foreign policy (3 decks)

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