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BIOL 200 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

cytoplasm

A
  • contents of cell contained within its plasma membrane, but outside of nucleus in eukaryotes
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2
Q

cytosol (2)

A
  • contents of main compartment of cytoplasm excluding membrane-enclosed organelles, such as ER and mitochondria
  • cell fraction remaining after membranes, cytoskeletal components, and organelles have been removed
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3
Q

cell (2)

A
  • basic unit of living organisms

- aqueous solution of chemicals, enclosed by a membrane, and has ability to self replicate

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4
Q

organelle

A
  • discrete structure of eukaryotic cells that are specialized to carry out particular functions
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5
Q

membrane-enclosed organelle

A
  • any organelle in eukaryotic cell surrounded by lipid bilayer
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6
Q

nucleoplasm

A
  • protoplasm completely enclosed in nuclear membrane/envelope
  • supports chromosomes and nucleoli
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7
Q

nucleus

A
  • directs cell activities and contains genetic material (chromosomes) made up of DNA
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8
Q

mitochondria

A
  • make energy out of food
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9
Q

ribosomes

A
  • make proteins
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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A
  • make, process, and package proteins
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11
Q

lysosome

A
  • contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
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12
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (2)

A
  • transports many items around the cell

- “intracellular highway”

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13
Q

vacuole

A
  • storage for usually food or water
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14
Q

chloroplasts

A
  • use sunlight to create food through photosynthesis
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15
Q

cell wall

A
  • support
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16
Q

What organelles are unique to plant cells? (2)

A
  • chloroplasts

- cell wall

17
Q

lecture cell definition and functions (4)

A
  • membrane-bound unit capable of carrying out essential life processes
  • can maintain a stable internal environment with different concentrations of molecules and ions inside and outside of cell
  • can assimilate and transform material
  • can (not always) reproduce
18
Q

prokaryote cell characteristics (3)

A
  • no membrane-bound organelles
  • no membrane-bound nucleus
  • no cytoskeleton
19
Q

are mitochondria considered to be prokaryotes or eukaryotes in the past?

A
  • prokaryotes as they have many similar features and evidence suggests that cells engulfed them for their own use
20
Q

light microscopy advantages (4)

A
  • use colour
  • use live and whole cells
  • can track cells
  • cheap and easy to use
21
Q

disadvantages of light microscopy (2)

A
  • unable to see smaller structures (organelles, ribosomes)

- lower resolution

22
Q

when to use bright field (3)

A
  • don’t need colour or can use visible dyes
  • whole tissues
  • cheap and easy
23
Q

when to use fluorescent (3)

A
  • localization of certain protein
  • need to see colour
  • tracking proteins or organelles
24
Q

characteristics of electron microscopy (2)

A
  • higher resolution (limit= 0.2 nanometers)

- images often black and white

25
Q

SEM advantages and disadvantages (2)

A
  • (+): can view surfaces (3D)

- (-): cells must be dead, complex specimen prep

26
Q

TEM advantages and disadvantages (2)

A
  • (+): details of cytoplasm can be seen

- (-): cells dead, complex specimen prep, difficult to know 3-D structure

27
Q

magnification (2)

A
  • expanding something in apparent size

- ratio of size of image to size of object

28
Q

resolution (2)

A
  • closest spacing of 2 points that can be distinguished as separate entities
  • resolution determines how blurry an image is at closer magnifications
29
Q

indirect stain: immunoflourescence (2)

A
  • localizes proteins of interest in cell using primary/secondary antibodies covalently linked to fluorescent molecule
    antibodies with GFP tag will fluoresce in microscope indicating where attached protein location is
30
Q

what factor effects resolution

A
  • wavelength of beam (light electrons) used to detect image
31
Q

limit of LM

A
  • 200 nanometers, possibly large organelles
32
Q

limit of EM

A
  • 0.2 nanometers, possibly large molecules

BIOL 200 (2 decks)

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