UNIT 1-9 Flashcards
Behavior reinforced through the mediation of other people
Verbal Behavior
Factors that influence VB - Antecedent Conditions: x4
- State of deprivation or aversive stimulation
- Some aspect of the environment
- Other verbal behavior
- Own verbal behavior
Factors that influence VB - Consequence Conditions: x2
- Related to the MOs (State of deprivation/aversive stimulation)
- Educational (Social)
Defined as a verbal operant in which the response is reinforced by a characteristic consequence and is therefore under the functional control of relevant conditions of deprivation or aversive stimulation.
Mand
Evoked by a particular object or event or property of an object or event.
Tact
Responses under the control of audible or written verbal stimuli supplied by another person or the speaker himself… showing no point to point correspondence with the verbal stimuli that evoke them and reinforced by a generalized conditioned reinforcer
Intraverbal
Verbal behavior under the control of verbal stimuli in which the response generates a sound-pattern similar to that of the stimulus resulting in a generalized conditioned reinforcer
Echoic
This term is intended to suggest behavior which is based upon or depends upon other verbal behavior
Autoclitic
An____________ affects the listener by indicating either a property of the speaker’s behavior or the circumstances responsible for that property
Autoclitic
An approached that teaches early communication skills using pictures
PECS
Base Elements (of the Pyramid Approach): x4
- Functional Activities
- Powerful reinforcers
- Functional communication
- Contextually inappropriate behaviors
Top Elements (of the Pyramid Approach): x5
- Generalization
- Effective lessons
- Specific teaching strategies
- Minimizing and correcting errors
- Data collection and analysis
Advantages of PECS: x4
- Requires interaction with other people from the start (social interaction)
- Encourages the individual to initiate communication rather than respond to a prompt (spontaneous)
- Starts with requesting, not commenting/labelling (Functional/reinforcing)
- Is based on Skinner’s VB
Phase I: Initiation
- Approach people to initiate communication
- To teach initiation using 2 person prompting procedure
- Teach 3-step sequence: pick up, reach, release
- One picture at a time
Phase II: Increase spontaneity and range (traveling taught)
- Increase spontaneity
- Increase distance (between adult and book) - teach traveling to CP, with book or to get book, from room to room with book
- Persistence taught
- Variety of people, activities, locations, reinforcers involved
- Teaching strategy: shaping
- Lesson type: sequential
Phase IIIA: Simple Discrimination
- Desired vs undesired items
- 4 step error correction procedure
- vary distractor pictures
- Switch switches (in the error correction procedure)
- Alternative strategies (blank card, size, distance)
Phase IIIB: Conditional Discrimination
- Discrimination between equally reinforcing items
- Conduct correspondence checks
- Use 4 step error correction procedure
Phase IV: Building Sentences
- “I want” + picture placed on a strip and whole sentence is handed over to the adult
- Student taps the symbols
- Attributes to increase length of sentences and to ask for very specific reinforcers.
Phase V: Answering “What do you want?”
- Leads to commenting
- Maintain spontaneity
- Use progressive time delay prompting strategy
Phase VI: Commenting
- Answering “What do you see/hear/feel?”
2. Discriminating between “What do you see/want?”
Successful modality transitions requires: x5
- New modality vocabulary be equal to current vocabulary
- Rate of initiation is equal
- Length of utterance is equal
- New modality is at least 80% intelligible to unfamiliar listener
- Speed of interaction is equal
Do not take skills away - unethical
Research-based benefits of use of PECS:
- Facilitates acquisition of speech
- Increases social approach during play
- Reduces behavior management targets rates
- Is easily understood in community and by peers
Topographical response form:
- saying words
- forming signs and gestures
- writing words/sound
Selection based response form:
- listener reacts by pointing/touching/typing
2. selects or gesture towards