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Social 20 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Historical Factors

A
  • events that happened in the past

- continue to inspire people

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2
Q

Social factors

A
  • the way society is organized or structured

- relationship among people, who is important? , included/excluded, how society works out conflict/challenges

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3
Q

Economic factors

A
  • the state of the economy, financial status of individuals

- level of employment, prosperity vs hardship, economic equality vs inequality, government spending & revenue

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4
Q

Geographic factors

A
  • factors related to geographical conditions

- location, landform, climate, resources

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5
Q

Political factors

A
  • type of government and level of satisfaction people have for it.
  • amount of individual freedom vs government control, security of country
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6
Q

Old regime

A

Way French society was organized

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7
Q

Divine Right Theory

A

Rule by the will of god

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8
Q

First Estate

A
  • Roman Catholic Clergy
  • 0.5% of population (100,000)
  • owned ~10% of land
  • paid no taxes
    • except voluntary contribution every five years
  • collected tithes from all citizens
  • responsible for all education, recordkeeping, the poor, and hospitals
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9
Q

Second estate

A
  • nobility or Aristocracy
  • nobles of sword
  • nobles of robes
  • 1.5% of population (400,000)
  • 25% of land
  • exempt from most taxes
    - taille (general) -corvee (labors)
  • special privileges of hunting and fishing
  • access to higher positions in army, church, government
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10
Q

Third estate

A
  • commoners
  • 98% of population
    • 85% peasants
    • urban workers
    • bourgeoisie
  • heavily taxed
    • corvee, taille, salt tax
      • 70% of income
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11
Q

Immediate causes of revolution

A

Crop Failures
-flour shortages, increased bread prices

Financial Crisis

  • on verge of bankruptcy
    - involvement in wars, imperial wars, American war of independence
  • Luxury living of the court
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12
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

residence of royal family, not in capital

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13
Q

Jacques Necker

A

Beloved financial minister, proposed tax reforms, needed support of all three estates

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14
Q

Estates general

A

Ancient French law making body, every estate gets 1 vote

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15
Q

National Assembly

A

Created by third estate because they were unhappy about voting in estates general,

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16
Q

Tennis court oath

A

National Assembly will not disband until a constitution is written

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17
Q

Bastille

A

Old fortress used as prison in Paris

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18
Q

Storming of Bastille

A

July 14, 1789

marks the start of French Revolution

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19
Q

Camille Desmoulins

A

Journalist, encouraged people to take up arms before storming of Bastille

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20
Q

Joseph Lafayette

A

Commander of National Guard

Appointed after storming of Bastille

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21
Q

August Decrees

A

Degrees of N.A.

  • all rights and privileges abolished
  • everyone pays taxes
  • churches ceased right to collect taxes
  • all makes eligible for church and gov. postions
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22
Q

Declaration Of the rights of Man

A
  • All men born and remain free and equal in rights
  • king refused to sign it
  • troops assembled
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23
Q

March on Versailles

A
  • 5000-6000 women march to Versailles
  • demand bread for their families
  • demands recognition of the declaration of rights of man
  • royal family move to Tuileries
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24
Q

Assignats

A

paper money that was printed to address imminent bankruptcy, more money, printed less value

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25
Q

Civil constitution of the clergy

A
  • Placed under state control (government control)
  • clergy elected and paid by the state
  • required to swear loyalty to France
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26
Q

Flight to Varennes

A

royal families failed attempt to flee France

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27
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

replaced National Assembly

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28
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

separation of powers

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29
Q

Constitutional Monarchy

A

a monarchy that is limited by a constitution

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30
Q

Veto

A

Under the constitution of 1791, kind receives limited veto

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31
Q

Active Citizens

A

A vote was given to all active citizens (pay certain amount of taxes)

~2/3 of population

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32
Q

Girondins

A

A group of loosely affiliated individuals who were active in the legislative assembly

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33
Q

Jacobin

A

Political Faction

Led by Maximilien Robespierre
Over through government and started republic

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34
Q

Sans culottes

A

Common people in lower classes

Eventually others started not wearing breeches too

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35
Q

Brunswick Manifesto

A
  • Warning to the people of France, not allowed to harm royal family.
  • rallies the french
    - la Marseillaise (national anthem )
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36
Q

Liberte, equalite, fraternite

A

Frances motto

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37
Q

Revolutionary Tribunal

A
  • tried crimes against revolution
  • ultimately no defence
  • if you were found guilty -> death
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38
Q

Insurrectionary Commune

A
  • led by George Jaques Danton
  • led an attack on the Tuileries Palace
  • royal family placed under arrest
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39
Q

September Massacres

A

1200 prisoners murdered

  • ecouraged by Jean Paul Marat
  • george Danton did nothing to stop them
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40
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A
  • Killed by Charlotte Corday
  • Revolutionary Martyr
  • journalist who supported san coulette.
  • seen as responsible for September massacres
  • unofficial link of jacobin group
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41
Q

Charlotte Corday

A

Killed Jean Paul Marat

-Girondins sympathizer

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42
Q

Guillotine

A

Execution device, bedheading

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43
Q

National convention

A

Replaced the legislative assembly

  • monarchy abolished
  • king put on trial for treason
  • universal male suffrage
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44
Q

Committee of public safety

A

12 member executive body

Led by maxillien Robespierre

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45
Q

Maximillian Robespierre

A

Influential figure of French revolution

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46
Q

Levee en masse

A

Forced everyone to do military service

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47
Q

Law of suspects

A

Ordered arrest of anyone suspected that is an enemy of the revolution and be put on trial

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48
Q

Reign of terror

A

Thousands executed

After committee of public safety was introduced

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49
Q

Changes to France by the national convention

A
  • French republic
  • metric system
  • long pants/simple dresses
  • everyone referred to as citizens (equality)
  • national system of education
  • new calendar
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50
Q

How did Napoleon get into power

A

Coup d’état

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51
Q

Bank of France

A

Domestic policy by Napoleon

to ease financial crisis

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52
Q

Tax Reform

A

domestic policy by Napoleon

- fair assessments, no tax exemptions, tax collection heavily regulated

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53
Q

Napoleonic law code

A

Domestic policy by Napoleon

  • civil rights, equality in law, occupations based on merit
  • men absolute ruler at home, protection of property rights.
54
Q

Lycees

A

Domestic policy by Napoleon

-high schools, importance of obedience, and military values.

55
Q

Public Works

A

Domestic policy by Napoleon

-paved roads, canals, bridges, monuments.

56
Q

Famous monuments by Napoleon

A

Arc de triomphe

Vendome column

57
Q

Continental System

A

-Attempt to defeat Britain economically
-ban of British good to Continental Europe
-

58
Q

Order of council

A

Made by Britain in response to continental system

59
Q

Concordat

A

Domestic policy by Napoleon

-reconciliation with catholic, recognized as official religion in France

60
Q

Scorched earth policy

A

Military stragedy used by Russia against France

30,000/ 500,000 remained alive

61
Q

Battle of Nations

A

France defeated by Britain, Austria , Russia,Prussia

-Napoleon abdicated and exiles to Elba

62
Q

Hundred Days

A

Napoleons return to power from Elba

63
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon defeated by Britain (duke of Wellington) and Prussia (Brunswick)
- after Napoleon is abdicated again and exiled to St. Helena

64
Q

Shared Memories

A

Events that bind nations together

65
Q

Examples of shared memories

A

-attack of Bastille
-rallying cry
-national anthem
-san culottes
-tri colour
-Napoleon
-

66
Q

Visions of Canada

A
  • geography
  • one canada
  • pluralistic
  • nations within a nation
67
Q

Geography

A
  • vastness
  • climate
  • ruggedness
68
Q

One Canada

A
  • Canada unity

- from sea to sea

69
Q

Pluralistic

A
  • multicultural
    • cultural diversity
    • civic nation
  • bilingual
70
Q

Nations within a nation

A
  • provinces with own gov. Control
  • First Nations
  • québécois
71
Q

Upper and lower Canada

A

Province of Quebec divided

  • Upper Canada is mainly anglophone
  • lower Canada is mainly francophone

Names were made in relationship to where the river was

72
Q

Canada west and Canada East

A

Upper and lower merged into one province called Canada

  • British attempt to assimilate Francophones to Anglophones
  • One legislative assembly
    • equal representation
    • Canada east had higher population
    • only English was allowed in legislative
73
Q

Confederation

A

1867-BNA Act
-included Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick

Federal system created
- 2 levels of government

74
Q

Francophone challenges

A

Battle of plains of Abraham

- British took over frances both American colonies 
- British culture began to dominate
- British based gov.
- Union Jack

Francophones struggle to maintain language, culture, identity

75
Q

Immigration challenges

A

Policies favourite immigrants from Europe and the US

  • Chinese immigration act was made to restrict and regulate Chinese immigration
  • Black immigration was discouraged because they were not deemed suitable for climate
76
Q

Aboriginal challenges

A

Indian Act

  • designed to encourage assimilation
  • gave federal gov control of their lives
  • been amended many times

Canada Act
-First Nations rights entrenched in constitution

77
Q

Nation as country

A

Geographic area defined by borders, borders and gov are recognized by other countries, more than 190 countries

78
Q

Patriotism and Nation

A
  • strong support and love of country/nation and willing to defend it
  • May spark acts of heroism
  • May spark extreme nationalism
79
Q

Nation as us

A
  • large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, language… etc
  • May or may not have official borders or gov
  • wants to control own destiny
  • when people begin to think of themselves as “us” they can be seen as a nation
80
Q

When was Canada seen as a nation?

A

Vimy ridge WW1

-statute of west minster (1931)

81
Q

Collective identity and nation

A
  • collective group you belong to
  • “inseparable whole”
  • “common will ”
  • can be easily identified by language
82
Q

Language

A
  • a single language can create a feeling of belonging
  • similar ethnic characteristics
  • ex. Japan, Vietnam, Korea, Norway
83
Q

Culture

A
  • the way of life that people share
  • closely related to ethnicity
  • different cultures within an ethnicity
  • ex. First Nations
84
Q

Religion

A
  • nations united through faith and belief in a deighty

- ex. Israel, Jewish state

85
Q

Geography

A
  • physical barriers that isolate and desperate people from one another
  • ex. Tibet -> surrounded by seas and the Alps
86
Q

Relationship to Land

A
  • Resources ex. Oil in Alberta
  • sense of awe ex. Canada
  • spiritual connection ex. Aboriginals
87
Q

Political

A
  • Sovereignty, independent, self governing

- self determination (power to control owns own affairs) ex.-> Quebec

88
Q

6 Understandings of Nations

A
  • language
  • political
  • ethnicity
  • culture
  • geography
  • Religion
  • relationship to land
89
Q

Civic nationalism

A
  • People choose to live together in a nation according time o shared values and beliefs
  • characteristics of nation evolve over time
90
Q

Ethnic nationalism

A
  • pre existing characteristics/traditions

- people create a nation-state

91
Q

National identity

A
  • identity or sense of belonging to a state or a nation
  • distinctive traditions, culture, language, politics
  • an awareness of what sets one apart from another
92
Q

Official symbols of Canada

A
  • maple leaf
  • Canada flag
  • motto
93
Q

Unofficial symbols of Canada

A
  • snow
  • igloo
  • moose
  • Mountie
94
Q

Canadian national Myths

A
  • joe mufferaw
  • hockey
  • navvies
95
Q

Canadian institutions Promoting Nationalism

A

Cultural->art galleries
Educational->historica Canada Influential->pollsters
Economic & commercial->private business (HBC)

96
Q

Canadian government programs promoting nationalism

A 
Arts & culture-> CBC, CRTC
Education -> Canada world youth 
Peace, order & good government
->RCMP CBSA
Economic ->Royal Canadian Mint
97
Q

Individuals promoting Canadian nationalism

A

-Musicians, artists, athletes, politicians, scientists

98
Q

Nationalist Loyalties

A
  • Loyalty
  • Patriotism
  • Contending Loyalties
99
Q

Loyalty

A

Allegiance, faithfulness, commitment, devotion, fidelity

-loyalties are dynamic(can change)

100
Q

Contending loyalties

A
  • loyalties that compete
  • people can make decisions based on their nationalist loyalties
  • May be easy or difficult to resolve
101
Q

Affirming nationalist loyalties

A

taking actions to declare loyalty

  • individually
  • collectively
102
Q

How First Nations affirmed nationalist loyalties

A

First Nations-> Assembly of the First Nations
> and association of the leaders of the first nations government
-goal to protect rights trainees obligations ceremonies and claims

103
Q

How Inuit affirmed nationalist identities

A

South Baffin Place Names Project
-reclaiming traditional Inuit place names approximately 8000 names

Project surname
-Head of house selected the surname quite often of relatives given name

104
Q

Cultural pluralism

A

-Cultural groups are encouraged to affirm, honour and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society

105
Q

Reasonable accommodation

A

A sincere attempt must be made to reconcile religious and cultural practices with the laws of land

Ex->Turbans in RCMP

Encourages understanding, flexibility, and compromise

106
Q

The negatives of reasonable accommodation

A
  • divides Canadians and interferes with developing a shared nationalist loyalty
  • if diversity is all we have in common we really have anything in common
107
Q

Compatible nationalist loyalties

A

-loyalties coexisting without conflict

Ex. Newfoundland (battle of somme)
-July 1 memorial day in the morning Canada Day at night

108
Q

Incompatible nationalist loyalties

A

Loyalties existing with conflict
-ex. -> Yugoslavia,
Violent break up into different nations

109
Q

Sovereignists

A

People who support the idea of Quebec becoming an independent nation state

110
Q

Federalist

A

People who believe Quebec should remain a Canadian province

111
Q

Official language act

A

Pierre Trudeau

-promotes and protects both official languages and attempt to make Quebec feel more included

112
Q

Reconciliation

A

Coming to terms with the past, mending a broken relationship, resolving differences, peaceful coexistence

113
Q

External forces affecting national unity

A

-WAR – increases patriotism, unity, rally around the flag
National division -> conscription crisis

Attacks- 9/11

Sporting events – Olympics, 1972 Summit series

114
Q

Internal forces affecting national unity

A
  • Canada day celebrations
  • demonstrations -> Quebec referendums
  • elections
115
Q

Canada unity

A

Geography- vastly different physical regions/resources

Second largest political territory

10 provinces, six time zones

116
Q

Federal systems

A

Power is shared between federal government and provincial government.

Patriation of Canada‘s constitution

More power given to provincial government

117
Q

Equalization payments

A

-revenue from federal tax

And church public services are more or less available to all Canadians

118
Q

Political representation

A

Canadian senate, 24 senators for each region

119
Q

Immigration

A

Potential issues = strains public services, change is traditional identity, societies divided by race and region

120
Q

Non-nationalist loyalty

A

Loyalty to a group, idea or collective rather than nation

-can develop into a nationalist loyalty ex. Tibetians, regional and religious loyalty-> nationalist loyalty

121
Q

Six types of non-nationalist loyalty

A

-class loyalty
-religious loyalty
-Regional loyalty
-ideological loyalty
-cultural loyalty
Racial/ethnic loyalty

122
Q

Class loyalty

A

Loyalty to people from a particular social sector

-work, wealth, status, educational, ancestry, heritage, ethnicity

123
Q

Religious loyalty

A

Loyalty to a religious organization and its values and beliefs

124
Q

Ideological loyalty

A

Loyalty to shared ideas about how society should function

125
Q

Regional loyalty

A

Loyalty to a region and the interest of people living there

126
Q

Cultural loyalty

A

Loyalty to a way of life

127
Q

Racial/ethnic loyalty

A

Loyalty to people of the same racial/ethnic background

128
Q

Example of class vs national loyalty

A

– French Revolution
– Russian revolution
– Winnipeg general strike

129
Q

Examples of regional vs national loyalty

A

OPEC oil embargo – oil shortage created energy crisis

– National energy program, cost to Alberta
-alienation

130
Q

Religious loyalty vs nationalist loyalty

A

– Northern Ireland

 -Belfast(good Friday)
           agreement

Social 20 (1 decks)

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