Unit 1 Flashcards
Squamous epithelial cells :
- Used for rapid diffusion
- Present in the alveoli
- Have cilia on the surface
Columnar epithelial cells:
- Are 1 cell thick
- Present in the trachea
- Have goblet cells
Endothelial tissue is found in the:
Blood vessels
Atheromas can be formed in:
Endothelial tissue
What type of tissue lines the trachea:
Columnar epithelial tissue
What type of tissue is one cell thick:
Squamous epithelial tissue
What is the refractory period:
Sodium channels are inactive
What is the tail of a bacteria cell called:
Flagella
What raethe hairs coming out of a bacteria cell called
Pilus
What is the squiggly thing inside of a bacteria cell called
Plasmid / DNA Region
What is the capsule looking thing inside of the bacteria cell called
Capsule
What is a Eukaryotic cell
A cell without a nucleus
What is a prokaryotic cell
A cell without a nucleus
The first person to describe cells was
Robert Hooke
Electron microscopes have
High Magnification, High Resolution, Cannot see things in colour
Light microscopes have
Low Magnification, Low resolution, See things in colour
What is the equation for Magnification
Magnification = Image size / Actual size
What is the equation for Image size
Image size = Actual size * Magnification
What is the equation for Actual Size
Actual size = Image size / Magnification
The resolution is
Distinguishing between 2 objects close together
What is the role of the cytoplasm
Reactions take place
What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus
Packages proteins
What is the role of the Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
What is the role of the Centrioles
Form spindle fibres
What is the role of Lysosomes
They break down waste material.
What are the 4 steps of Gram staining ?
- Application of Crystal Violet (purple dye)
- Application of Iodine (Mordant)
- Wash of Alcohol (colourisation)
- Application of safranin (Counterstain)
What are the 6 specialised cells ?
- Root hair Cell
- Sperm Cell
- Egg Cells
- Palisade Mesophyll Cells
- White Blood Cells
- Red Blood Cells
What are the 3 types of muscles?
- Cardiac - Muscle tissue in heart
- Skeletal - these are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. These are under Conscious control
- Smooth - These are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
What are muscle cells made of?
They are made up of lots of myofibrils. They are made up of lots of muscle tissue.
What are myofibrils made of?
They make up muscle cells and they are made up of 2 filliamants
What is a sarcomere made of ?
This is a section of myofibrills
What is a actin
the thin fillamant
What is myosin
the thick filament
What is a sarcolemma
Cell membrane (envelope) of muscles. This wraps everything together.
What is in the middle of a sarcomere (the gap)
A band
What is the middle line called in a sarcomere and what is the bit going through the middle of it called
myosin
M Line
What band is going from left to right on a sarcomere
I band
what is the I band made of
Actin
What is the side line called
Z line
What is the gap betwenn the 2 sides bits on a sarcomere called
H zone
What is the resting potential
-70
What is the acting potential
+30
What happens at depolarisation
Na+ channels open and moves into axon but only when past the threshold limit
what happens at repolarisation
Na+ channels close and K+ open
This makes axon more negative.
