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Science Applied > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Squamous epithelial cells :

A
  • Used for rapid diffusion
  • Present in the alveoli
  • Have cilia on the surface
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2
Q

Columnar epithelial cells:

A
  • Are 1 cell thick
  • Present in the trachea
  • Have goblet cells
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3
Q

Endothelial tissue is found in the:

A

Blood vessels

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4
Q

Atheromas can be formed in:

A

Endothelial tissue

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5
Q

What type of tissue lines the trachea:

A

Columnar epithelial tissue

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6
Q

What type of tissue is one cell thick:

A

Squamous epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What is the refractory period:

A

Sodium channels are inactive

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8
Q

What is the tail of a bacteria cell called:

A

Flagella

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9
Q

What raethe hairs coming out of a bacteria cell called

A

Pilus

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10
Q

What is the squiggly thing inside of a bacteria cell called

A

Plasmid / DNA Region

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11
Q

What is the capsule looking thing inside of the bacteria cell called

A

Capsule

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12
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell

A

A cell without a nucleus

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13
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell without a nucleus

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14
Q

The first person to describe cells was

A

Robert Hooke

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15
Q

Electron microscopes have

A

High Magnification, High Resolution, Cannot see things in colour

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16
Q

Light microscopes have

A

Low Magnification, Low resolution, See things in colour

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17
Q

What is the equation for Magnification

A

Magnification = Image size / Actual size

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18
Q

What is the equation for Image size

A

Image size = Actual size * Magnification

19
Q

What is the equation for Actual Size

A

Actual size = Image size / Magnification

20
Q

The resolution is

A

Distinguishing between 2 objects close together

21
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm

A

Reactions take place

22
Q

What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus

A

Packages proteins

23
Q

What is the role of the Nucleolus

A

Makes ribosomes

24
Q

What is the role of the Centrioles

A

Form spindle fibres

25
Q

What is the role of Lysosomes

A

They break down waste material.

26
Q

What are the 4 steps of Gram staining ?

A
  • Application of Crystal Violet (purple dye)
  • Application of Iodine (Mordant)
  • Wash of Alcohol (colourisation)
  • Application of safranin (Counterstain)
27
Q

What are the 6 specialised cells ?

A
  • Root hair Cell
  • Sperm Cell
  • Egg Cells
  • Palisade Mesophyll Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Red Blood Cells
28
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A
  • Cardiac - Muscle tissue in heart
  • Skeletal - these are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. These are under Conscious control
  • Smooth - These are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
29
Q

What are muscle cells made of?

A

They are made up of lots of myofibrils. They are made up of lots of muscle tissue.

30
Q

What are myofibrils made of?

A

They make up muscle cells and they are made up of 2 filliamants

31
Q

What is a sarcomere made of ?

A

This is a section of myofibrills

32
Q

What is a actin

A

the thin fillamant

33
Q

What is myosin

A

the thick filament

34
Q

What is a sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane (envelope) of muscles. This wraps everything together.

35
Q

What is in the middle of a sarcomere (the gap)

A

A band

36
Q

What is the middle line called in a sarcomere and what is the bit going through the middle of it called

A

myosin

M Line

37
Q

What band is going from left to right on a sarcomere

A

I band

38
Q

what is the I band made of

A

Actin

39
Q

What is the side line called

A

Z line

40
Q

What is the gap betwenn the 2 sides bits on a sarcomere called

A

H zone

41
Q

What is the resting potential

A

-70

42
Q

What is the acting potential

A

+30

43
Q

What happens at depolarisation

A

Na+ channels open and moves into axon but only when past the threshold limit

44
Q

what happens at repolarisation

A

Na+ channels close and K+ open

This makes axon more negative.

Science Applied (3 decks)

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