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Unit 1 Health and Social > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the difference between expected and unexpected life events.

A

An expected life event - know is going to happen/ plan and prepare for it
An unexpected life event - you don’t know what is going to happen you cannot plan/prepare for

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2
Q

What is informal support and who replys on it?

A

Family and friends are able to offer support to others in difficult times, helping with everyday physical tasks. Later adulthood rely’s on informal support to be able to remain independent.

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3
Q

What are the benefits of play for social development

A
  • meet new people, make friends, builds friendships
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4
Q

Does growing up in care make you more vulnerable? list reasons why.

A

Yes - deal with sexuality and puberty pressure with no parental role models.
More likely to experience teenage pregnancy become more involved with alcohol and drugs.
Achiever fewer qualifications.

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5
Q

What is rural??

A

(country side)

  • Housing can be cheaper, often less work
  • Occupations are often low-paid
  • Start a family by moving away from city
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6
Q

What is urban area??

A

(City)

  • Air pollution has been linked to increase illnesses
  • Can be noisy and increased health risks
  • More social activites and facilties
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7
Q

How can economic factors affect human growth and development??

A
  • Income/wealth
  • Occupation (types,status,security of income)
  • Employment/unemployment - not in education, employment can effect social, income and emotional effects
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8
Q

What is social isolation?? and who does it relate to

A

associated with elderly, young mothers and people with disabilities
-Negative impact on health,quality of life,self-image and self-esteem.

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9
Q

What is culture?

A

= effects of religion and spirtuality, community influnces on individuals growth and development.

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10
Q

How can religion influence people??

A
  • how people choose to live there lives, the food they eat and how they choose to dress.
  • its imporant to the people to feel accepted as part of family and community.
  • Feel valued and wanted.
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11
Q

How can cultural and emotional factors affect growth and development

A
  • Influence of play (soliarty play/social play)
  • Influence of role models
  • Gender (inequality of employment opportunity and pay, social inequality and expectations)
  • Influence of social isolation
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12
Q

Physical factors that affect human growth and development

A
  • Genetic inheritance
  • Lifestyle choices
  • Illness and disease
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13
Q

What is lifestyle choice??

A
  • The decisions you make that can have an impact on your health and wellbeing
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14
Q

What happens in physical development in later adulthood (65+)??

A
  • Skin is thinner
  • Bones more brittle
  • Some begin to loose height
  • Muscles weaker
  • Joints are stiffer
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15
Q

What happens in physical development in middle adulthood (46-65)??

A
  • The ageing process begins to take effect
  • Lower energy levels
  • Hair becomes greyer
  • Loss of muscle tone
  • Hair loss
  • Menopause
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16
Q

What happens in physical development in adolescence (9-18)??

A
  • Physical changes in puberty - sexual maturity, growth spurt, primary and secondary sexual characteristics
    Physical change caused by a result of hormonal change
  • girls physical change caused by oestrogen
  • boys by testosterone
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17
Q

Definition of solitary play and age of this play

A

0-2 years - Children play alone using their imagination and do not interact with other children.

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18
Q

Definition of parallel play and age of this play

A

2-3 years - Children play alongside each other but not together.

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19
Q

Definition of social play and age of this play

A

3-8 years - Children play together, sharing their toys. By the age of eight they will engage in quite complex games, often requiring the use of imagination.

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20
Q

What is gross motor skills and examples??

A

Ability to control and co-ordinate the movement of large limbs of the body.

  • crawling
  • walking
  • running
  • kicking
  • throw and catching
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21
Q

What is self esteem?

A

how much you like, accept yourself and respect yourself.

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22
Q

What is social isolation?

A

when people live without regular contact with other people, especially family and friends

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23
Q

What is an inherited condition?

A

A condition passed from parent to child by genes

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24
Q

What are the social, cultural and emotional factors affecting growth and development

A
  • Friendships
  • Religion
  • Marriage
  • Divorce
  • Parenthood
  • Sexual orientation
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25
Q

What is the intellectual development in Infancy (0-2)

A
  • thinking and the way the mind works
  • communicate mainly through sound
  • at birth babies respond to the world through their senses
  • smiles and noises become the main way of communicating
  • 18 months - know about six words
  • 2 years - 2-3 words into a sentence
  • can only see the world from there point of view (egocentric)
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26
Q

What is the intellectual development in early childhood (3-8 years)

A
  • Most children able to speak in full sentences
  • Start school - development of language and understanding of numbers
  • Children still tend to be egocentric, seeing the world from thier viewpoint
  • Children learn how to act and behave in particlaur situations by watching others
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27
Q

What is the intellectual development in Adolescene (9-18)

A
  • development of abstract thinking - using concepts and ideas rather than through using objects and doing tasks
  • think in more logical way
  • develop own set of morals and idea what is right and wrong
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28
Q

What is emotional development in middle of adulthood (46-65)

A
  • Hormone changes take place in the body
  • May dress younger than their years
  • Start going out more ‘mid life crisis’
    = a dramatic period of self-doubt caused by the passing youth and moves into later adulthood
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29
Q

What is emotional development in later adulthood (65+)

A
  • Oppurinity to spend more time with family
  • Later adulthood can loose partners - distressing
  • Support of family/neighbours stop isolation and loinleness
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30
Q

What is self image?

A

mental picture we have ourselves

influenced by - personal apperance, the media, comparison with others

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31
Q

Effects of health and wellbeing of living a limited income

A

not be able to afford:

  • bills
  • healthy lifestyle
  • luxury items
  • intellectual needs
  • social activities
32
Q

Examples of physical features that are determined by genes

A
  • sex
  • height
  • body shape
  • skin colour
  • eye colour
33
Q

What are lifestyle choices??

A
  • diet
  • exercise
  • alcohol
  • smoking
  • drug use
34
Q

Intellectual development in Later adulthood (65+)

A
  • speed of thinking and short-term memory might decline
  • older people are keen to learn new things, develop thier knowledge and keep thier minds active
  • some people may experience dementia
35
Q

Intellectual development in middle adulthood (46-65)

A
  • some people return to education
  • memorys may not be as quick
  • employment to learn new skills
36
Q

what are the physical changes that occur during puberty in girls

A
  • growth of breasts
  • peorid begins
  • hips widen
  • ovulation
37
Q

what are the physical changes that occur during puberty in boys

A
  • growth in penis
  • production of sperm
  • voice breaks
  • facial hair
  • growth of adams apple
  • muscles develop
38
Q

what are the physical changes that occur during puberty in both girls and boys

A
  • change in body shape
  • growth in body hair and pubic hair
  • change in height
  • acne
39
Q

physical development in early childhood (3-8)

A
  • development of gross and fine motor skills improves.
  • age 5 : children can walk upstairs unaided and can draw/write
  • age 8 : catch and throw well, have a good sense of balance
40
Q

what is an example of gross motor skills

A

walking,running,kicking,throw and catching

41
Q

what is and an example of fine motor skills

A
  • ability to control and co-ordinate the movements of the hands and fingers.
    drawing,writing, painting, colouring
42
Q

what is the social development in Infancy (0-2)

A
  • early relationships development is based on interaction with others
  • babies learn socially through play
43
Q

what is the social development in middle adulthood (46-65)

A
  • people may start to build new relationships, travel more and have more quality time to spend with their family.
  • Depending on high or low income people may not have money to go out and take part in social activities
44
Q

what is the emotional development in adolescence (9-18)

A
  • hormonal changes
  • mood swings, frustrations, insecurities, confusions
  • young people develop their own personality and idenity.
  • feelings of physical attraction towards others
  • relationships are formed and sometimes maintained for quite a long time.
45
Q

what is emotional development in early childhood (3-8)

A
  • ages of 3-8 will begin to learn how to handle their feelings
  • children can tell others when they feel happy or sad
  • children develop their own self-concept
46
Q

what is emotional development in infancy (0-2)

A
  • bond with those who care for them
  • strong bond with their main carers and will be very vary of strangers.
  • it is imporant infants recieve love and attenion during the attachment process as this influnces emotional development throughout future life stages.
47
Q

what is the physical devleopment in early adulthood (19-45)

A
  • most people reach their physical peak in the first part of early adulthood, physically at their strongest
  • peoples metabolic rates slow down and therefore people begin to burn fewer calories
  • people who exercise regularly look much younger than their biological age
48
Q

what is the physical effects of social isolation

A

aches, pains, illness, low energy, sleep problems, diet problems, substance use, emotional, negative feelings.

49
Q

what are the psychological factors of relationships

A
  • having difficulties with family/friends have an effect on how they grow and develop
  • positive relationship lead to good self image and high self esteem.
50
Q

what are the life stages?

A
  1. infancy (0-2)
  2. childhood (3-8)
  3. adolescents (9-18)
  4. early adulthood (19-45)
  5. middle adulthood (46-65)
  6. later adulthood (65+)
51
Q

what is the emotional development in early adulthood (19- 45)

A
  • early adulthood time to develop close and intimate relationships
  • choose to marry be in a relationship with same sex couple
  • most people start a family
52
Q

what is formal support?

A

comes from people who are trained and skilled in their work and they are payed for what they do, e.g doctors,nurses,coundellors, district nurse.
- have knowledge and experience to help others handle life events

53
Q

intellectual development in early adulthood (19-45)

A
  • many people who did not focus fully on learning at school often decide to carry on with thier education
  • gain new skills and qualifications
54
Q

what is social development in early adulthood (19-45)

A
  • free to have an active social life, making new friends and building new realtionships.
  • gain more independance
  • balancing work life, family life and a social life can be difficult as their respsonsibilties increase.
55
Q

what are the physical enviorment factors affecting growth and development

A
  • housing condition
  • type of house
  • level of pollution
  • rural/ urban area
56
Q

what is pollution??

A

is the release of high concentrations of dangerous substances.

57
Q

what is nature?

A

genetic inheritance and other biological factors

58
Q

what is nurture?

A

social and enviormental factors (choice)

59
Q

what is piagets theory?

A
  • focuses on what children are unable to do, like the concept of conversation, the idea egocentric behaviour centres on abilties that children have not yet developed.
60
Q

what is egocentrism?

A

best described as a young childs inability to see a situation from another persons point of view. They assume that other adults and children see,feel, and hear exactly the same as they do.

61
Q

what is seperation anxiety?

A

the fear and apprehension that infants experience when seperated from thier parents or caregiver

62
Q

what is a genetic predisposition?

A

means that you inherit that possibility from one or both of your biological parents. which determines physical growth, development, health and apperance.

63
Q

what is the age range of infancy?

A

0-2

64
Q

what is the age range of early childhood?

A

3-8

65
Q

what is the age range of adolescene?

A

9-18

66
Q

what is the age range of early adulthood?

A

19-45

67
Q

what is the age range of middle adulthood?

A

45-65

68
Q

what is the age range of late adulthood?

A

65+

69
Q

what is PIES?

A

physical,intellectual, emotional and social

70
Q

what does the term development mean?

A

development is said to be physical as well as social or psychological change, the process of developing skills and capacities.

71
Q

what does the term growth mean?

A

Growth is termed as a physical change, growth is related to living beings, it can mean the increase in weight, height and bone seize.

72
Q

what does LAD mean in chomskys model?

A

language acquisition device, helps children rapidly learn and understand language.

73
Q

whos is the social learning theory?

A

Albert Bandura

74
Q

whos is the evolutionary thoery of attachment?

A

Bowlby

75
Q

whos is the theory of cognitive development?

A

Piagets

Unit 1 Health and Social (2 decks)

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