Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N5 Biology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

list the structures found in a typical animal cell

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

list the structures found in a typical plant cell

A
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
  • chloroplasts
  • vacuole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list the structures found in a typical fungal cell

A
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list the structures found in a typical bacterial cell

A
  • cell wall
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • chromosomal DNA
  • plasmid DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the role of cytoplasm?

A

to be the place where chemical reactions happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the role of the cell membrane?

A

keeps the cell together and provides a barrier to what enters and exits the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the role of the nucleus?

A

contains cell DNA and controls all the events in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the role of mitochondria?

A

release chemical energy from rood (respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the role of ribosomes?

A

to make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the role of the cell wall?

A

to provide structure to the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the role of chloroplasts?

A

to carry out photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the role of vacuoles?

A

to contain sap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are the walls of bacteria and fungi different to the cell wall of plants?

A

they are not made of cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are plasmids?

A

small circular sections of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the cell membrane made of?

A

phospholipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the cell membrane is selectively permeable, what does that mean?

A

it allows some but not all substances across it and chooses which substances can enter and exit the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is passive transport?

A

movement of substances down a concentration gradient ( does not require energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is diffusion?

A

movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

list 3 substances that can diffuse in and out of a cell

A
  • glucose
  • carbon dioxide
  • oxygen
  • amino acids
  • urea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the movement of molecules from a high water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when they absorb too much water what happens to animal cell?

A

bursts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when they absorb too much water what happens to plant cell?

A

becomes turgid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when they do not contain enough water what happens to a plant cell?

A

becomes plasmolysed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when they do not contain enough water what happens to a plant cell?

A

shrinks

25
Q

why does active transport require energy?

A

for membrane proteins to move molecules or ions against the concentration gradient

26
Q

give an example of active transport

A

sodium and potassium in nerve cells
or
iodine in seaweed

27
Q

what is mitosis?

A

cell division which produces 2 cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

28
Q

describe the stages of mitosis

A
  • each chromosome replicates to form 2 identical chromotids and the nuclear membrane begins to break down
  • chromosomes line up along equator and spindle fibres join on to them
  • spindle fibres pull chromotids apart to opposite polls of the cell
  • nuclear membranes reform and cytoplasm divides
29
Q

what is a diploid cell?

A

a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes

30
Q

what is a haploid?

A

a cell with 1 sets of chromosome

31
Q

why do organisms need mitosis?

A

to make new cells for growth and repair

32
Q

what do you need to grow cells in a lab?

A
  • aseptic techniques
  • broth or agar
  • control oxygen, temperature and pH
33
Q

describe the structure of DNA

A

a double stranded helix held together by complementary base pairs

34
Q

list the 4 bases found in DNA

A
  • adenine
  • thymine
  • cytosine
  • guanine
35
Q

what are the pairings of bases in DNA?

A

adenine + thymine

cytosine + guanine

36
Q

why is the base sequence of DNA important?

A

so it makes the correct sequence of amino acids to produce protein

37
Q

what does messenger RNA do?

A

it carries a complementary copy of the code from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome where proteins are assembled from amino acids

38
Q

why do proteins have different shapes and function?

A

they have different sequences of amino acids

39
Q

list 5 functions of proteins

A 
provide structure 
enzymes 
hormones 
antibodies
receptors
40
Q

what do enzymes do?

A

they speed up reactions in a cell and are unchanged in the process

41
Q

which part of the enzyme interacts with the substrate?

A

active site

42
Q

what is a substrate?

A

a substance the fits into the active side of an enzyme

43
Q

give an example of an enzyme that takes part in a degradation reaction

A

pepsin
lipase
amylase
catalase

44
Q

why do enzymes have optimum conditions?

A

they need conditions which provide the right enzyme shape

45
Q

name 2 conditions that can change protein shape

A

temperature and pH

46
Q

what is the name given to a protein when its shape is permanently changed by high temperature?

A

denatured

47
Q

how can DNA be transferred naturally between cells?

A

bacterial plasmids or viruses

48
Q

list the 4 stages of genetic engineering

A
  • identify and extract required gene
  • insert gene into plasmid
  • insert plasmid into host cell
  • grow modified cell
49
Q

what is respiration?

A

production of energy from glucose

50
Q

what controls the reactions in respiration?

A

enzymes

51
Q

what is the energy from sugar used to make?

A

ATP

52
Q

how is ATP made?

A

respiration

53
Q

give the equation for 2 different types of anaerobic respiration

A

glucose = lactic acid + ATP

glucose = Carbon dioxide + ethanol + ATP

54
Q

what is ATP used for?

A

provides energy for cellular activities such as cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis and nerve impulses

55
Q

what does anaerobic respiration produce?

A

lactic acid and ATP

56
Q

what does fermentation produce?

A

alcohol, carbon dioxide and ATP

57
Q

where in a cell does aerobic respiration take place?

A

begins in the cytoplasm and is completed in the mitochondria

58
Q

where in a cell does fermentation take place?

A

cytoplasm

59
Q

which types of cell have a high number of mitochondria?

A

a cell that requires a lot of energy - muscle, sperm, neurons, etc

N5 Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions