Unit 1 Flashcards
conductor
A material which allows charge to move easily through it.
chemical energy
A type of stored energy. It is taken in when chemical bonds break, and given out when chemical bonds are made.
dissipated
The spreading out and transfer of energy stores into less useful forms, such as thermal energy causing the surroundings to heat up. Dissipated energy is often referred to as ‘wasted’ energy, since it is not transferred to a useful output.
dissipation
The process of energy being transferred, or lost, to the surroundings.
elastic potential energy
Energy stored in squashed, stretched or twisted materials.
electrical work
Energy transferred by an electric current.
emitted
Energy is ‘given-out’ by the material and the internal energy of the material will decrease. For example, infrared radiation from the Sun is emitted into space.
energy
The thing which is required to move or change direction
energy store
The different ways in which energy can be stored, including chemical, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential and thermal stores.
energy transfer
The different ways in which energy can be transferred from one store to another includes heating, by waves, electric current or by a force moving an object.
friction
A force that opposes or prevents movement and converts kinetic energy into heat.
gravitational potential energy
The energy stored by an object lifted up against the force of gravity. Also known as GPE.
internal energy
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object.
kinetic energy
Energy which an object possesses by being in motion.
lubricant
A lubricant is anything which reduces the friction between two surfaces.
molecule
A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
potential difference
The potential difference (or voltage) of a supply is a measure of the energy given to the charge carriers in a circuit. Units = volts (V). This is the voltage between two points that makes an electric current flow between them.
radiation
Energy transferred as a wave spreading out from a source - eg light, infrared, sound.
system
An object or group of objects.
transfer
When something is moved from one place to another. This may be people, objects or energy.
Van de Graaff generator
A machine that causes friction between a rubber belt and plastic rollers in order to build up electrical charge on a metal dome. A large potential difference is generated.
vibrations
Repeated movements back and forth (about a fixed point).
distance
Numerical description of how far apart two things are.
efficiency
The fraction of the energy supplied to a device which is transferred in a useful form.
efficient
Performing in the best possible manner with little time, money or energy wasted.
force
A push or a pull. The unit of force is the newton (N).
power
The energy transferred each second, measured in watts (W). Power = work done ÷ time taken.
rate
Per unit time or ‘per second’. For example, if 2,000 J are transferred over a period of 10 s, then the rate of transfer is 200 J/s or 200 W. This value is the power rating.
What is weight
What is a force that acts towards the centre of the earth
What is mass
The meter meant of the amount there is in the material of a object the units Kilograms. It is a scaler quantity
