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AP Hug > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

vocab master

1
Q

place

A

a specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic

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2
Q

region

A

an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics or trends or features

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3
Q

scale

A

the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, from local to global

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4
Q

space

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

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5
Q

connection

A

relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. Geographers are concerned with the various means by which connections occur.

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6
Q

GPS

A

system that determines precise position of something on Earth

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7
Q

geotagging

A

identification and storage of a piece of info by its precise coordinates

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8
Q

GIScience (geo info)

A

analysis of data about earth acquired through satellite info

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9
Q

GIS (geo info system)

A

captures, stores, queries, and displays the geographic data

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10
Q

remote sensing

A

acquisition of data about earth’s surface via a satellite orbiting earth or other long-distance methods

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11
Q

VGI (volunteered geo info)

A

the creation and dissemination of geo data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

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12
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

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13
Q

Participatory GIS

A

community-based mapping.

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14
Q

mashup

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

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15
Q

meridian

A

an arc drawn between north and south poles

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16
Q

longitude

A

vertical lines running north to south

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17
Q

a parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator

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18
Q

latitude

A

horizontal lines running east to west

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19
Q

prime meridian

A

Line that passes through Greenwich, England and is 0 degrees longitude

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20
Q

GMT (Greenwich mean time)

A

master reference for all time on Earth and located at prime meridian

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21
Q

Interntional Date line

A

a line marking 180 degrees longitude where you move back a whole day after crossing

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22
Q

location

A

position that something occupies on Earth’s surface

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23
Q

toponym

A

a name given to a place on Earth

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24
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place

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25
Q

situation

A

the location of a place relative to other places

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26
Q

cultural landscape

A

a combination of cultural features like

  • language and religion
  • economic features (agriculture/industry)
  • physical features (climate and vegetation)
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27
Q

formal/uniform region

A

area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

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28
Q

functional/ nodal region

A

an area organized around a node or a focal point

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29
Q

vernacular/ perceptual region

A

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

30
Q

culture

A 
the body of 
-customary beliefs
-material traits
-social forms
that together form distinct tradition of a group of people
31
Q

spatial association

A

the distribution of one feature being associated with the distribution of another feature

32
Q

globalization

A

a force or process that involves that entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

33
Q

transnational corporation

A 
a corporation that 
-conducts research 
-operates factories 
-sells products 
in many countries, not just where headquarters are
34
Q

distribution

A

the arrangement of a feature in space

35
Q

concentration

A

the extent of a feature’s spread over space

36
Q

pattern

A

geometric arrangement of objects in space

37
Q

poststructuralist geography

A

study of how
-the powerful in society dominate, or seek to control, the less powerful groups
-dominate groups occupy space
confrontations from the domination

38
Q

humanistic geography

A

a branch of human geo that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about a place, and give those places symbolic meaning

39
Q

behavioral geography

A

emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

40
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy

41
Q

assimilation

A

process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

42
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups

43
Q

syncretism

A

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

44
Q

diffusion

A

process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time

45
Q

hearth

A

a place from which an innovation originates

46
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

47
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process

48
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

the spread of an idea from persons or node of authority to other persons or places

49
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

50
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principal even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

51
Q

network

A

a chain of communication that connects places

52
Q

distance decay

A

phenomenon that the farther away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact

53
Q

space-time compression

A

the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

54
Q

resource

A

a substance in the environment that is useful to people

55
Q

sustainability

A

the use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future

56
Q

renewable resources

A

is produced in nature more rapidly that it is consumed by humans

57
Q

nonrenewable resources

A

is produced in nature more slowly that it is consumed by humans

58
Q

preservation

A

the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible

59
Q

biotic

A

describing living organisms

60
Q

abiotic

A

describing non-living or inorganic matter

61
Q

atmosphere

A

a thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth

62
Q

hydrosphere

A

all of the water on and near the Earth’s surface

63
Q

lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust and a portion of the upper mantle directly below the crust

64
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on the earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms

65
Q

climate

A

the long-term average weather condition at a particular location

66
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

67
Q

ecology

A

the scientific study of ecosystems

68
Q

cultural ecology

A

the geographic study of human-environment relationships

69
Q

environmental determinism

A

the belief that physical environment causes social development

70
Q

possibilism

A

the physical environment may limit human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment

71
Q

polder

A

a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area

AP Hug (2 decks)

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