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AP Hug > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

vocab master

1
Q

place

A

a specific point on Earth, distinguished by particular characteristic

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2
Q

region

A

an area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

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3
Q

scale

A

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

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4
Q

space

A

refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects

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5
Q

connection

A

refers to a relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

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6
Q

map

A

two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface or a portion of it

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7
Q

cartography

A

the science of mapmaking

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8
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

a system that determines the precise positioning of something on Earth

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9
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

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10
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

captures, stores, queries, and displays the geographic data

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11
Q

remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods

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12
Q

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)

A

the creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

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13
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

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14
Q

Patricipatory GIS (PGIS)

A

community-based mapping

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15
Q

mashup

A

a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

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16
Q

map scale

A

the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to it’s actual size on Earth

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17
Q

projection

A

transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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18
Q

meridian

A

arc drawn between the north and south poles

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19
Q

longitude

A

the location of each meridian is identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system

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20
Q

parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

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21
Q

latitude

A

numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

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22
Q

prime meridian

A

the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwhich, England, is 0 degrees longitude

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23
Q

Greenwhich Mean Time (GTI)

A

the time at the prime meridian, is the master reference to time for all points on Earth

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24
Q

International Date Line

A

follows 180 degrees latitude, you move the clock back 24 hours

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25
Q

location

A

the position that something occupies on Earth’s surface

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26
Q

toponym

A

the name given to a place on Earth

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27
Q

site

A

the physical character of a place

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28
Q

situation

A

the location of a place relative to other places

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29
Q

cultural landscape

A

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion

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30
Q

formal region/unified region

A

an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

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31
Q

functional region/nodal region

A

an area organized around a node or focal point

32
Q

vernacular region/perceptional region

A

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

33
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people

34
Q

spacial association

A

occurs within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature

35
Q

globalization

A

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

36
Q

transnational corporation

A

conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located

37
Q

distribution

A

the arrangement of a feature in space

38
Q

concentration

A

the extent of a feature’s spread over space

39
Q

pattern

A

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

40
Q

poststructuralist geography

A

examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontation that result from the domination

41
Q

humanistic geography

A

a branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings

42
Q

behavioral geography

A

emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

43
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy

44
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time

45
Q

hearth

A

a place from which an innovation originates

46
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

47
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process

48
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

49
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

50
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

the spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

51
Q

network

A

a chain of communication that connects places

52
Q

distance decay

A

the farther away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact. contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears

53
Q

space-time compression

A

used to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

54
Q

resource

A

a substance in the environment that is useful to people

55
Q

sustainability

A

the use of Earth’s resource in ways that ensure their availability in the future

56
Q

renewable resource

A

is produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans

57
Q

nonrenewable resource

A

is produced in nature more slowly then it is consumed by humans

58
Q

conservation

A

the sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine and recreation

59
Q

preservation

A

the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human contact as possible

60
Q

biotic

A

composed of living organisms

61
Q

abiotic

A

composed of non-living or organic matter

62
Q

atmosphere

A

a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth

63
Q

hydrosphere

A

all of the water on and near Earth’s surface

64
Q

lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust

65
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on Earth, including plants, and animals as well as microorganisms

66
Q

climate

A

the long-term average weather condition at a particular location

67
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

68
Q

ecology

A

the scientific study of ecosystems

69
Q

environmental determinism

A

the physical environment caused social development

70
Q

possibilism

A

the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment

71
Q

polder

A

a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area

72
Q

geotagging

A

identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates

73
Q

assimilation

A

the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

74
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups

75
Q

syncretism

A

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

AP Hug (2 decks)

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