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APHUG > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of where things are found on the Earth’s surface and the reasons for the locations.

A

Geography

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2
Q

A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.

A

Place

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3
Q

An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics.

A

Region

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4
Q

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole.

A

Scale

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5
Q

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

A

Space

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6
Q

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

A

Connection

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7
Q

Two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it.

A

Map

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8
Q

The science of mapmaking.

A

Cartography

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9
Q

System that determines the precise position of something on Earth.

A

GPS (Global Positioning System)

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10
Q

Identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates.

A

Geotagging

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11
Q

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

A

Geographic Information Science

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12
Q

Captures, stores, queries, and displays the geographic data.

A

GIS (Geographic Information System)

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13
Q

Acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods,

A

Remote Sensing

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14
Q

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

A

VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information)

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15
Q

Scientific research by amateur scientists.

A

Citizen Science

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16
Q

Community-based mapping.

A

PGIS (Participatory GIS)

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17
Q

Map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service, such as Google Maps or Google Earth.

A

Mashup

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18
Q

Describes the relationship between map and Earth distances in words.

A

Written

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19
Q

Consists of a bar.

A

Graphic Scale

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20
Q

The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map.

A

Projection

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21
Q

An arc drawn between the North and South poles.

A

Meridian

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22
Q

The location of each meridian identified on Earth’s surface according to a numbering system.

A

Longitude

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23
Q

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

A

Parallel

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24
Q

The numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel.

A

Latitude

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25
Q

The meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, at 0 degrees longitude.

A

Prime Meridian

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26
Q

Time at the prime meridian, and is the master reference time for all points on Earth.

A

GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)

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27
Q

When you cross this, which, for the most part, follows 180 degrees longitude, you move the clock back 24 hours if you are moving towards America.

A

International Date Line

28
Q

The position that something occupies on Earth’s surface.

A

Location

29
Q

The name given to a place on Earth.

A

Toponym

30
Q

The physical characteristic of a place.

A

Site

31
Q

Location of a place relative to other places.

A

Situation

32
Q

A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.

A

Cultural Landscape

33
Q

An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

A

Formal/Uniform Region

34
Q

An area organized around a node or focal point.

A

Function/Nodal Region

35
Q

An area that people believes exists as part of their cultural identity.

A

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

36
Q

The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.

A

Culture

37
Q

Occurs within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature.

A

Spatial Association

38
Q

A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope.

A

Globalization

39
Q

Conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located.

A

Transnational Corporation

40
Q

The arrangement of a feature in space.

A

Distribution

41
Q

The frequency with which something occurs in space.

A

Density

42
Q

The extent of a feature’s spread over space.

A

Concentration

43
Q

Geometric arrangement of objects in space.

A

Pattern

44
Q

Process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group.

A

Assimilation

45
Q

Process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups.

A

Acculturation

46
Q

Combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

A

Syncretism

47
Q

Process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time.

A

Diffusion

48
Q

A place from which an innovation originates.

A

Hearth

49
Q

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

A

Relocation Diffusion

50
Q

The spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process.

A

Expansion Diffusion

51
Q

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority of power to other persons or places.

A

Hierarchial Diffusion

52
Q

Rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

A

Contagious Diffusion

53
Q

The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.

A

Stimulus Diffusion

54
Q

A chain of communication that connects places.

A

Network

55
Q

The further away someone is from another, the less likely the two are to interact.

A

Distance Decay

56
Q

The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.

A

Space-Time Compression

57
Q

Substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use.

A

Resource

58
Q

The use of Earth’s resources in a way to ensure their availability in the future.

A

Sustainability

59
Q

Produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

A

Renewable Resource

60
Q

Produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

A

Nonrenewable Resource

61
Q

The sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine and recreation.

A

Conservation

62
Q

The maintenance of resources in their present condition

A

Preservation

63
Q

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

A

Ecosystem

64
Q

The scientific study of ecosystems.

A

Ecology

65
Q

Pioneering nineteenth-century German geographers Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Ritter believed that the physical environment caused social development, an approach called _______.

A

Environmental Determinism

66
Q

The physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environments.

A

Possibilism

67
Q

A piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

A

Polder

APHUG (2 decks)

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