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Chemistry 11 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry?

A
  • the study of the properties of matter and the changes which matter undergoes
  • or: describing matter and how it reacts and interacts with other matter
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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of Chemistry?

A
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
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3
Q

What is analytical chemistry?

A

The aspect of chemistry focusing on the analysis of chemistry, specifically with the development and use of techniques for chemical measurements (Either Quantitative or Qualitative)

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4
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

The study of chemistry with regards to living organisms (incl. chemical reactions and molecules in organisms)

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5
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The study of chemistry focused on Carbon Compounds

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6
Q

What is inorganic chemistry?

A

The study of compounds and elements that are not organic (bioinorganic = metal ions related to biochemical processes) (geochemistry = study of chemicals of the earth /rocks and soils)

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7
Q

What is physical chemistry?

A

The study of structure, transformation and physical properties

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8
Q

What are the 4 disciplines of physical chemistry?

A

1) Thermodynamics =conversion of energy into heat and work
2) Quantum Chemistry = Theoretical science describing how molecules bond to one another
3) Chemical Kinetics = Studying the rates of chemical processes (i.e. speed of a reactions)
4) Statistical Thermodynamics = studying the average bulk properties of matter

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9
Q

What are “properties” in chemistry?

A

the description and classification of matter

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10
Q

What are “changes” in matter?

A

reactions and interactions with other matter.

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11
Q

Quantitative

A

How much of a chemical is present

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12
Q

Qualitative

A

What qualities or chemicals are present

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13
Q

Thermodynamics

A

the conversion of energy into heat and work

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14
Q

quantum chemistry

A

theoretical science of describing how molecules bond to one another

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15
Q

How many subdivisions of Physical Chemistry?

A

4

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16
Q

The study of the structure, transformation, and physical properties of matter

A

Physical Chemistry

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17
Q

How many steps are in the scientific method?

A

6

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18
Q

What is the order of steps in the scientific method?

A

1) Ask a question
2) Do background research
3) construct a hypothesis
4) Conduct an experiment
5) analyze the results and draw conclusions
6) Communicate the results

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19
Q

Hypothesis

A

an educated guess about how things work

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20
Q

how must a hypothesis be stated?

A

in a way that can easily be measured; and constructed to answer the original question

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21
Q

Describe how you analyze results and draw conclusions from experiments.

A

collect the measurements and data from the experiment and analyze these to prove if the hypothesis is true or false.

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22
Q

What are models and theories?

A

devices used to more easily understand our observations and enables us to make predictions of the results of experiments. Help us to answer the question “WHY”

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23
Q

model

A

an analogy/comparison to something in the physical world to help you better understand and put into context a theory

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24
Q

Why do models work?

A

when we compare something unfamiliar that we don’t understand to something we are familiar with, it allows us to better understand, put into context, visualize and it sharpens our understanding

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25
Q

What is a theory?

A

A theory is a well-established scientific model

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26
Q

What is the difference between a model and a theory?

A

A model is a comparison to something existing that allows us to comprehend and understand at a different level. A theory is an approximation and is usually well-established

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27
Q

When do you make a prediction?

A

once you have a good model or theory, you can make a prediction off of the understanding and basis of the model; thus allowing you to create an experiment that can validate your theory

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28
Q

What are the base SI units?

A

there are 7:

1) Mass
2) Length
3) Time
4) Temp
5) Electric Current
6) Amount of substance
7) luminosity intensity

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29
Q

Luminosity / luminose intentisty

A

cd = candela

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30
Q

mole / mol

A

amount of substance

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31
Q

mass

A

kilogram / kg

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32
Q

meter / m

A

length

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33
Q

time

A

second (s)

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34
Q

temp

A

kelvin K

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35
Q

Electric Current

A

Ampere (A)

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36
Q

What are derived SI Units?

A

combinations of more than one base unit

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37
Q

area square

A

meter (m^2)

38
Q

Volume

A

Cubic meter

39
Q

density

A

kilogram per cubic meter

40
Q

concentration

A

kilomole per cubic meter

41
Q

energy

A

joule (j)

42
Q

pressure

A

pascal (Pa)

43
Q

What is bigger: Giga or mega

A

Giga (1,000,000,000)

44
Q

p

A

pico

45
Q

n

A

nano

46
Q

K

A

kilo

47
Q

which is the most accurate: measured quantity or absolute quantity?

A

absolute quantity

48
Q

how are significant figures used?

A

to represent how many of the digits in a number are measured and how many are rounded (guessed)

49
Q

How many sig. figs: 13.468

A

5

50
Q

sig fig: 1567

A

4

51
Q

What are the five rules of sig figs:

A

1) all non-zero numbers are significant
2) Zeroes BETWEEN significant digits are significant
3) if there is no decimal point, then trailing zeroes are NOT significant
4) If there is a decimal point, then all trailing zeroes are significant
5) if the number is less than one, then the first significant figure is the first non-zero after the decimal point; including all trailing zeroes after

52
Q

What is the rule for adding or subtracting significant figures?:

A

The number of decimal points in the answer is the same as the number with the lowest amount of decimals in the equation.

53
Q

What is the rule for multiplying significant figures?

A

The amount of significant figures in the answer is the same as the number that has the lowest amount of sig figs

54
Q

What do you do with a negative power?

A

take the inverse - treat the power as a positive, and then divide 1 by the end product of the power

55
Q

What is precision?

A

when the results are coming in close together or similar

56
Q

What is Accuracy?

A

being as close to the true number as possible

57
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A 
Workplace
Hazardous
Materials
Information
System
58
Q

What are the main components in whmis

A
  • product identification and classification
  • labeling
  • material safety data sheets
  • worker training and education
59
Q

What is the purpose of WHMIS

A

to ensure that those using hazardous materials have sufficient information to handle the materials safely.

60
Q

Who are the responsibilities placed on with WHMIS?

A

Supplies, employers and workers

61
Q

What are the responsibilities of suppliers in regards to WHMIS?

A
  • provide appropriate labeling
  • provide an MSDS
  • must clearly identify the contents on the label
  • MSDS is to provide information of the products
62
Q

What are the responsibilities of employers in regards to WHMIS?

A
  • provide whmis training for all employees
  • proper labeling must be in place
  • proper MSDS must be available for every product
63
Q

What are the responsibilities of workers in regards to WHMIS?

A
  • required to take the provided whmis training

- be willing and prepared to employer any problems or violations

64
Q

A Supplier WHMIS label must contain:

A
  • product name
  • whmis labels/symbols
  • risk phrases
  • precautionary measures
  • first aid measures
  • MSDS reference
  • supplier name
  • all information must be in a hatched (- - - -) border
65
Q

What is the difference between supplier WHMIS labels and workplace WHMIS labels?

A

workplace labels do not require whmis symbols and can be less detailed than supplier labels

66
Q

Risk Phrases for WHMIS

A
  • eye irritant
  • may cause birth defects
  • heating may cause explosion
  • may form flammable dust-air mixture
67
Q

Precautionary Statements for WHMIS

A
  • keep in cool place
  • use in a well ventilated place
  • avoid contact with eyes
68
Q

What does a blue background WHMIS symbol mean?

A

Health Risk

69
Q

What does a red background WHMIS symbol mean?

A

flammability

70
Q

What does a yellow background WHMIS symbol mean?

A

instability

71
Q

What does a white background WHMIS symbol mean?

A

specific hazard

72
Q

What does a triangular WHMIS symbol mean?

A

the container itself is dangerous

73
Q

What does an octogon WHMIS symbol mean?

A

the contents are dangerous

74
Q

What does MSDS stand for?

A

Material
Safety
Data
Sheet

75
Q

What do MSDS include?

A
  • technical info on substance
  • list of hazardous ingredients
  • required PPE
  • instructions in accident prevention while using substance
  • emergency procedures for event of an accident
  • chemical hazard data
  • control measures
76
Q

Kangaroos Hate Dogs - dogs chase mice

A

Kilo | Hecto | Deco | - | deci | centi | mili |

77
Q

What are unitary rates?

A

a combination of rates where one is quotes as “per” unit of measure

78
Q

What is the formula for Density?

A

D = m/v

79
Q

What is the formula for Volume?

A

v=m/d

80
Q

What is the formula for Mass?

A

DV = M

81
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

82
Q

What are the states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

83
Q

What are the groups of matter?

A 
Pure = elements or compounds
Mixtures = homogenous mixtures (solutions) or heterogenous mixtures
84
Q

Which type of mixture is uniformly blended and can be elements or compounds?

A

homogeneous

85
Q

What are elements?

A

substances that cannot be broken down any more and are pure

86
Q

What are compounds

A

formed from two or more elements that are always in a fixed ratio (H2O)

87
Q

What is the difference between pure and mixtures?

A

mixtures are variable and can change; pure substances are fixed at what they are

88
Q

What is the difference between homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures?

A

Homogeneous are the same throughout; heterogeneous are variable and differ throughout a sample

89
Q

What is Air?

A

a variable heterogeneous mixture

90
Q

What are qualitative observations?

A

based on the physical observations - not involving numbers - colours, scents, sizes

91
Q

What are quantitative observations?

A

focus on the quantity of items, measurable with numbers using SI units

92
Q

What are four interdisciplinary subdivisions of chemistry?

A

Drug Chemistry
Petroleum Chemistry
Radiochemistry
Astrochemistry

Chemistry 11 (5 decks)

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