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Psychology Basics > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Overt behaviour

A

Actions that are observable and visible to others

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1
Q

Goals of psychology

A

To describe, understand, predict and control behaviour and mental processes

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2
Q

Pseudoscience

A

A fake or Faldo science that seeks to explain data

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3
Q

Subjective data

A

Data that is collected through observation and participant’s self-report

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4
Q

Objective data

A

Data obtained by being directly observed or measured

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5
Q

Placebo effect

A

When a participant’s response is changed by their belief that they are receiving some kind of experimental treatment

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6
Q

Validity

A

Whether a questionnaire or scale actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring

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7
Q

Reliability

A

Whether a questionnaire or scale consistently measures what it is supposed to measure

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8
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data that describes the changes in the quality of a behaviour; often written in words

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9
Q

Quantative data

A

Data collected through systematic and controlled methodology; numerical in form

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10
Q

Case studies

A

An in-depth focus on all aspects of a single person

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11
Q

Naturalistic observations

A

Observing an animal or person in their natural environment

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12
Q

Self-report methods

A

A method asking participants to report what they are thinking or feeling

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13
Q

Survey method

A

A data collection method whereby participants ate asked to respond to a set of questions face-to-face, by mail, over the telephone or on the internet

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14
Q

Questionnaires

A

A written set of standardised questions about an individual’s attitude, beliefs, and/or behaviours

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15
Q

Interviews

A

A meeting between a participant and an interviewer to collect data for research

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16
Q

Longditudinal studies

A

A study that collects data over 2 or more periods in time, using the same participants

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17
Q

Cross-sectional studies

A

A study performed at one set period in time

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18
Q

7 steps of psychological research

A
  1. Identify the research problem
  2. Formulate a hypothesis
  3. Design the method
  4. Collect the data
  5. Analyse the data
  6. Interpret the results
  7. Report the findings
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19
Q

What is psychology?

A

The systematic study of behaviour and mental process including perception, cognition and emotion

20
Q

Organisational psychologist

A

A psychologist who looks at ways to best use work places, in terms of team dynamics, communication, work output and performance

21
Q

Neuropsychologist

A

A psychologist who diagnoses and treats problems associated with the brain and nervous system

22
Q

Sports psychologist

A

A psychologist who works with coaches and athletes to provide optimal results for training, competition and recovery

23
Q

Counselling psychologist

A

A psychologist who works with members of the community to resolve personal issues

24
Q

Educational psychologist

A

A psychologist who works with troubled students to help then compose learning strategies to best suit their learning

25
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

A psychologist who works with people in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues and the promotion of well-being

26
Q

Forensic psychologist

A

A psychologist who works with offenders and victims of crimes to help them confront and deal with issues surrounding crime

27
Q

Fields of psychology

A
  1. Forensic psychology
  2. Clinical psychology
  3. Educational psychology
  4. Counselling psychology
  5. Sports psychology
  6. Neuropsychology
  7. Organisational psychology
28
Q

Perception (mental process)

A

Our attempt to give meaning to the information the outside world sends us

29
Q

Cognition (mental process)

A

The process of thinking or mentally processing information e.g. thinking, knowing

30
Q

Emotion

A

A psychological experience, otherwise known as a feeling eg anger, joys

31
Q

Behaviour

A

Every action an individual engages in

32
Q

Biological perspective

A

A perspective of psychology that uses principles of biology and evidence from the body to study mental processes and behaviour

33
Q

Behavioural perspective

A

A perspective of psychology that explains human behaviour through studying observable actions

34
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

A perspective of psychology that is interested in investigating internal mental processes, thoughts and memories

35
Q

Socio-cultural perspective

A

A perspective of psychology that seeks to investigate how an individual’s behaviour is influenced by others

36
Q

Confidentiality

A

A participant’s right to privacy in terms of access, storage and disposal of information related to research

37
Q

Voluntary participation

A

Participation whereby participants agree to take part in an experiment free from pressure or fear of negative consequences

38
Q

Debriefing

A

Where participants are informed of the of the study’s true purpose once an experiment has ended

39
Q

Informed consent procedures

A

Consent to participate in writing form participants before an experiment; researchers must inform participants of the true nature and purpose of the experiment to obtain it

40
Q

Experimental group

A

In a controlled experiment, the group of participants are exposed to the independent variable or experimental condition

41
Q

Control group

A

In a controlled experiment, the group of participants that are exposed to all conditions except the independent variable or treatment

42
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable manipulated by the experiment

43
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable that is dependent on the IV as indicated by the results of the experiment

44
Q

Extraneous variable

A

Any randomly accruing variable in a study other than the IV that might change the DV

45
Q

Confounding variable

A

Any systematic variable in a study, other that the IV that dies change the DV gender

46
Q

Scientific method

A

A series of sequential scientific steps used when planning, conducting , interpreting and reporting research

47
Q

Empirical evidence

A

Evidence which is obtained directly by observation or measurement

48
Q

Population

A

The larger group of research interest from which a sample has been drawn

Psychology Basics (1 decks)

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