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Political Science > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

State

A

body of people, occupying a defined territory, organized politically with power to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority.

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2
Q

Characteristics of a state

A

Sovereignty, territory, government and population

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3
Q

Force theory

A

a person or group claim control of a territory and force others to follow

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4
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

the state developed naturally from an early family, clan or tribe. Usually developed through agriculture.

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5
Q

Divine Right Theory

A

God granted right to kings, queens…etc to be in power. This caused democracy to develop as a form of protest.

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6
Q

Social Contract theory

A

the people willingly give up certain individuals rights to create a government that is guided by the general will of the people.

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7
Q

James Harrington

A

Proposed what is known today as term limits.

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8
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Believed that an authoritarian ruler was needed to keep humans in order.

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9
Q

John Locke

A

People should hold the power but it is the governments duty to protect peoples natural rights.

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10
Q

Voltaire

A

He fought for reason, tolerance, freedom of religion and the freedom of speech

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11
Q

J.J.Rousseau

A

He wrote the book “the social contract”, in which he describes what it is.

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12
Q

Beccaria

A

Judicial concept and thought that torture was a bad type of punishment

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13
Q

Impact of the enlightenment

A

Writers examined principles (unreasonable stuff like divine rights of kings, social classes…)

People started writing theories about the issues and encouraged to reform monarchies.

Inspired the American and the French revolution.

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14
Q

Autocracy

A

government by a single person having unlimited power

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

a government in which a few people are in control

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16
Q

Monarchy

A

king,queen, empress…etc in control (there is constitutional monarchy)

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17
Q

Theocracy

A

government rules are identical to that of the countries dominant religion.

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18
Q

Dictatorship

A

a single person ruling a country, usually by force and forces others to follow him - usually not elected either.

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19
Q

Anarchy

A

This is when there is no governemnt, usually during a civil war.

Anarchists are those who do not believe in a government

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20
Q

Capitalist

A

a free-market economy, people can own businesses and properties

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21
Q

Socialism

A

economic and political system in which properties, factories, offices (source of income) is owned by society as a whole instead of private owners.

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22
Q

Communism

A

No private ownership, government owns everything

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23
Q

Republic

A

the supreme power is held by the people

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24
Q

Revolutionary

A

governemnt is overthrown

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25
Q

totalitarian

A

political party, people are forced to do what the government tells them to do - usually prevents citizens from leaving its country

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26
Q

Unitary government

A

the central government has all the power to make laws and decisions for the people

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27
Q

Confederate Government

A

individual states make their own laws and decisions with a weak central government - the cent gov is only considered with defense and trade.

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28
Q

Federal government

A

the powers and decisions are shared between the states and the central government.

29
Q

Direct democracy

A

people have direct and immediate input into laws and decisions.

30
Q

Indirect democracy

A

people choose/elect representatives to make those laws and decisions for them

31
Q

republic democracy

A

supreme power is held by representatives (the US is a republic democracy)

32
Q

5 Key Concepts of Democracy

A
  1. Fundamental worth of the individual
  2. Equality of all persons
  3. Majority rules restrained by minority rights
  4. Necessity of compromise
  5. Individial freedom
33
Q

“Consent of the governed”

A

people give up power to gov (social contract theory)

34
Q

Who wrote the pamphlet “Common Sense”

A

Thomas Pane

35
Q

Ordered government

A

the english colonists created a local government to have orderly regulations.

36
Q

Limited government

A

Individuals have rights, limiting the government in what they can do.

37
Q

Representative government

A

Serves the will of the people

38
Q

Magna Carta

A

Document that talked about individual rights and due process (protection of life, liberty, property and trial by jury)

39
Q

Petition of rights

A

King charles I wanted to raise tax money and parliament agreed on the condition that he signs this petition, which limited his powers and prohibited forcing people to house troops.

40
Q

The English Bill of Rights

A

No royal interferance with law, only civil courts are legal and people have the freedom to petition leaders without fear of retribution.

41
Q

Powers granted to Federal gov under the A.O.C

A

Declare war
Treaties with other countries
establish/maintain an army or navy
print or borrow money

42
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Proposed a strong central government consisting of three branches and voting was based on population.

43
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Proposed a weak central government and voting not based on population.

44
Q

The Great Compromise

A

A strong central government. Equal representation in the senate and population-based in the house of representatives

45
Q

Commerce and slave trade

A

Cogress would not act on slavery until 1808

46
Q

Constituitional Convention

A

Philedelphia 1787, Rhode Island did not attend.
Led by George Washington
James Madison - father of the constituition.

47
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the first 10 amendments of the constitution that protects peoples natural and individual rights (ratified in 1791)

48
Q

parts of the constituition

A

Preamble
Articles
Amendments

49
Q

Articles

A 
I. The legislative branch 
II. Executive branch 
III. Judiciary branch 
IV. Relations amongst states 
V. Amendments process 
VI. Nation debts, supremacy and oath of affairs 
VII. Requirements for ratifications
50
Q

6 Basic Principles

A
  1. popular sovereignty
  2. Limited government
  3. Separation of powers
  4. Checks and Balances
  5. Judicial Review
  6. Federalism
51
Q

1st Amendment

A

Guaranteed freedom of religion, assemble, speech, petition and press.

52
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Protects the right to keep and bear arms.

53
Q

3rd Amendment

A

The right to protect against housing and quartering of troops.

54
Q

4th Amendment

A

The right to protect against illegal searches and seizures

55
Q

5th Amendment

A

Right to due process, cannot be held without charges or be charged twice for the same crime. You do not have to testify against yourself.

56
Q

6th Amendment

A

The right to a speedy, public trial and trial by jury.

57
Q

7th Amendment

A

The right to civil trial by jury.

58
Q

8th Amendment

A

Right to protect against excessive bail, fines or cruel and unusual punishments for crimes.

59
Q

9th Amendment

A

Rights not stated in constituition, but not forbidden belong to the people.

60
Q

10th Amendment

A

Any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the state or the people of that state.

61
Q

Expressed powers

A

Congress: Lay and collect taxes, regulate commerce, declare war

President: CICOAF, grant pardons, appoint federal office holders

Judiciary: one supreme court that extends to all cases.

62
Q

Implied powers

A

Necessary and proper clause

E.g: prevent racial discrimination in public places.

63
Q

Inherent Powers (powers of national gov)

A

Regulate imiigration, acquire territory, protect from rebillion

64
Q

Concurrent powers

A

powers given to both the state and the federal gov

65
Q

Reserved powers (state gov)

A

marriage laws and school system

66
Q

Powers denied to National gov

A

Suspend bill of rights
suspend hapeas corpus
ex posto facto laws are prohibited

67
Q

Powers denied to state gov

A

Amendments 13, 14, 15, 19, 24, and 26

68
Q

Methods to Amending the constituition

A

First method: 2/3 of majority vote in house of congress and then 3/4 of state legislatures to ratify.

Second method: 2/3 majority vote in house of congress and then 3/4 of state ratifying conventions.

Third Method: Constitutional convection called by congress upon petition of 2/3 state legislativea and then 3/4 of state legislatives to ratify

Fourth Method: Constitution called by congress upon petition fo 2/3 state legislatures and then 3/4 of state ratifying conventions.

Political Science (1 decks)

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