unit 1

Question 1

Identify what Adam smith believed to be the “two greatest and most important? events in the history of mankind.

Answer 1

The discovery of america and the sea route from europe to asia

Question 2

2. Describe the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán.

Answer 2

A population close to 250,000, one of the worlds largest cities. Its great temple,splendid royal palace and a central market comparable to that of the european capitals made the city seem like an enchanted vision accourding to one of the first europeans to encounter it

Question 3

3. Examine Native American religious ceremonies.

Answer 3

often directly related to hunting and farming . the aimed to harness the power of spirituall forces to serve the interest of man. in some tribes hunters performed rituals in placate of animals they had killed. others sought to get the power of nature to secure abundant crops and . shamens were held in high regards. they belived in a single creator atop the spiritual hierarchy

Question 4

4. Analyze how Native Americans conceived of property.

Answer 4

familys were assigned plots of land but did not own the land. tribes claimed specific ares of land to hunt . unclaimed land remained free for any one to use. Black hawk the great spirit gave it to his children to live upon and cultivate as far as neccassary for their substance and as long as they took care of the land they had the right to use it

Question 5

5. Describe what Europeans tended to think about Native Americans and their cultures

Answer 5

Europeans usually viewed Indians in extreme terms. they were either regarded as”noble savages” or uncivilized barbarians, over time negative views overcame positive ones.

Question 6

6. Examine the role of women in Native American societies.

Answer 6

played an important role in religious ceromonies. female leaders often helped to select the male village leaders and took part in tribal meetings. Because men were away on the hunt, women took responsibility not only for house duties but most agricultural work as well.

Question 7

7. Identify the motivation behind the Portuguese desire to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China, and the East Indies.

Answer 7

profit and piety- the desire to eliminate islamic middle men and win control of the lucrative trade route for christian western europe. portugal sought to find a sea route to the east in order to circumvient the iltalian city-states and middle eastern ruler who controlled the overall trade

Question 8

8. Describe the features of African slavery within Africa.

Answer 8

criminals ,debtors or war criminal. They worked within the households of their owners and had well defined rights such as poccessing property and marrying free persons. it was not uncommon for africans slaves to aquire their freedom

Question 9

9. Describe the role religion played in Columbus’s explorations.

Answer 9

a devout catholic, he drew from the bible to determine the size of the globe. Along with developing trade with the east , he hoped to convert asians to christianity and enlist them in a crusade to reeedem Jerusalem from muslim control

Question 10

10. Discuss the significance of the Columbian Exchange.

Answer 10

altered millions of years of evolution , plants , animals and cultures that had evolved independently on seperate continents were now thrown together. products introduced to europe such as corn,tomatoes,potatoes,penuts,tabaco,cotton while the old world was wheat rice sugarcane horses cattle ,pigs, and sheep, brought lots of diseases. Indians were not uses to and had no antibodies

Question 11

11. Identify the techniques that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires.

Answer 11

smallpox, capturing inca king, demanded and recieved a ransom then killed him anyway. Enlisting aid of some of the aztecs subject peoples(thousands of warriors)

Question 12

12. Analyze Spain’s justification for enslaving Native Americans.

Answer 12

to convet the indians to true faith catholisim, the indians were serving god and enriching themselves

Question 13

13. Examine the events surrounding Pueblo Revolt.

Answer 13

labor exploration , pressue to convert to catholism , assault on pueblo religious traditions, faliure to protect pueblos from drought , external attacks

Question 14

14. Analyze French relations with Native Americans.

Answer 14

friendly to indians , trading furs, worked out a complex series of military and commercial , and diplomatic connections

Question 15

15. Describe freedom in New Netherland.

Answer 15

liberty especially in religious matters, even the slaves pocesed rights. women enjoyes more independence , married woman obtaines their sperate legal identity . slaves possessed rights. Governer mostly rulled. hardly democratically sometimes calling on prominont citizens for advice from time to time.

Question 16

16. Examine the failed attempts of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh to colonize the New World.

Answer 16

gilbert was know for his brutality in the irish wars by murdering citizens had a short lived settlement.
Raleigh first colony of 100 men abandoned then the second group of 100 familys went missing and is a mystery to this day

Question 17

17. Analyze the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century.

Answer 17

the enclosure movement . englands wages fell , half the population lived below the poverty line, henry punished the poor. Elizabeth regulated hours and wages . poor were encouraged to leave to the new world to be productive citizens

Question 18

18. Discuss what English settlers in North America believed was the basis of liberty.

Answer 18

access and owning land . gave men control of their labor and the right to vote

Question 19

19. Identify the rights of indentured servants.

Answer 19

voluntarily surrendered their freedom for a specified time(usually 5-7 years) in exchanged for passage to america. also given “freedom dues”

Question 20

20. Describe the types of warfare between colonists and Native Americans during the seventeenth century.

Answer 20

aquired land after military defeats , displacing the indians because they had no right to the land , colonists generated a strong feeling of superiority and left them maintaining real and imagined boundaries.

Question 21

21. Discuss the ways that colonists undermined traditional Native American agriculture and hunting.

Answer 21

pigs and cattle roamed freely, trampling indian gardens and cornfield. the need for firewood depleted forests which the indians relied on for hunting. the fur trade diminished the population of beaver and other animals.

Question 22

22. Examine the death rate in early Jamestown.

Answer 22

disease and lack of food, after a “ starving time” winter killed more than half the colony

Question 23

23. Identify the significance of the Native American leader Powhatan.

Answer 23

He realized the advantages of trade with the newcomers. Pocohantus was the immitiary between the john smith

Question 24

24. Analyze the political and religious beliefs of the Puritans of the seventeenth century.

Answer 24

the liberty to elect the right to establish churches and govern society, not that others could challenge their beliefs or authority. Rejected religious authority.

Question 25

25. Contrast life in the Chesapeake region to life in New England.

Answer 25

lots of single men , widows, orphans , women had “sole rights”

Question 26

26. Discuss the significance of the Mayflower Compact.

Answer 26

adult men agreed to obey”just and equal laws” enacted by representitives of their own choosing . this was the first written frame of government in what is now the united states.

Question 27

27. Analyze John Winthrop’s view of a woman’s liberty.

Answer 27

A woman achieved genuine freedom by fulfilling her prescribed social role and embracing “ subjection to their husbands authority”

Question 28

28. Identify the political and religious views of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Answer 28

rodger williams a law abiding citizen should be allowed to practice whatever form of religion he chose. The embrace of government corrupted the purity of christian faith and caused wars
Anne Hutchinson believed in “ inner state of grace” she spole of divine revelations.

Question 29

29. Identify the Magna Carta.

Answer 29

“all free men of our realm” protection against imprisonment and the seizure of ones property without due process of law “ english freedom”

Question 30

30. Discuss how English rule affected the Iroquois Confederacy.

Answer 30

initially strengthened the iroquois , then later on they took a neutral role playing on both sides to profit from the fur trade.

Question 31

31. Analyze the Quakers’ perception of liberty.

Answer 31

liberty was a universal entitlement , not the possesion of personal morality , “christian liberty”

Question 32

32. Describe Pennsylvania’s treatment of Native Americans.

Answer 32

protected from rival tribes . purchased lands often twice if more than one land claimed the land

Question 33

33. Identify the factors that made African slavery appealing to English planters in the New World.

Answer 33

as africans , they could not claim protection under english law. terms of service never expired. less likely to die from disease.

Question 34

34. Analyze the reasons why slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies.

Answer 34

indian population and indentured servants were replaced. slaves cost more than indentured servants , with high death rate of tabacco workers

Question 35

35. Discuss the socio-political position of small farmers in 1670s Virginia

Answer 35

poverty amoung whites, tabacoo prices failing. many land hungry , social tensions, bacons rebellion helped

Question 36

36. Identify the significance of The Glorious Revolution of 1688.

Answer 36

established parlimentary supremacy once and for all and second protestent succesion to the throne. reinforced many colonisy the sense of freedom and protestatism

Question 37

37. Analyze the New England Puritans view of witchcraft.

Answer 37

most were older women , outspoken, independent, challenged gods will and men as heads of the family and rulers of society

Question 38

38. Describe the nature of population diversity in colonial British America.

Answer 38

as economic conditions improved more professionals and skilled tradesmen migrated. 7 years for citizens from convicted criminals

Question 39

39. Describe the reasons Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants came to the colonies.

Answer 39

many from englands effort to subdue scotland. high rents, religious pursicution

Question 40

40. Define the meaning of the term “ Anglicization”.

Answer 40

rather than thinking for themselves as disticntently americans . they became more and more “english” . Wealthy americans tried to model their lives on british etiquette and behavior. somewhat resentful at living in provincinal isolation. “at the end of the world”