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APEX Review Cards > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

TPP

A

Transpulmonary pressure= alveolar pressure - intrapleural pressure

Alveolar pressure: negative on inspiration, positive on expiration
Intrapleural pressure: always positive

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2
Q

Vital capacity needed for effective cough

A

15 ml/kg

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3
Q

Dead space mL

A

2 mLkg

150 mL in 70 kg patient

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4
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Abbreviated by VE

TV x RR

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5
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

Abbreviated by VA

(TV-dead space) x RR

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6
Q

Relationship between alveolar ventilation and CO2 production and PaCO2

A

Proportional to CO2 production

Inverse to PaCO2

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7
Q

Bohr equation

A

Vd/Vt=(PaCO2-PeCO2)/PaCO2

PeCO2-partial pressure of CO2 in exhaled gas, not the same as ETCO2

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8
Q

Vd/Vt

A

Fraction of tidal volume contributing to dead space

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9
Q

ML/kg of dead space in spontaneous ventilation

A

2 mL/kg

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10
Q

Vd/Vt in spontaneous ventilation

A

150mL/450mL=0.3

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11
Q

Mechanical ventilation Vd/Vt

A

0.5

Mechanical ventilation increases ventilation to perfusion

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12
Q

Normal V/Q ratio

A

Ventilation =4 L/min
Perfusion= 5 L/min
V/Q=0.8

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13
Q

V/Q at apex and base of lun

A

Increased at apex

Decreased at base

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14
Q

Compliance

A

Change in volume/change in pressure

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15
Q

0 V/Q ratio

A

Shunt

No ventilation

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16
Q

Infinity V/Q

A

Dead space

No perfusion

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17
Q

Cylinder Law of Laplace

A

Tension= pressure x radius

Ex: blood vessels

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18
Q

Spherical Law of Laplace

A

Tension= (pressure x radius)/2

Ex: alveoli, heart ventricles

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19
Q

Surfactant production begins and matures

A

Begins: 22-26 weeks
Mature: 35-36 weeks

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20
Q

Zone 1

A

PA > Pa> Pv
Dead space
Not in a normal lung
Bronchioles constrict to decrease the dead space

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21
Q

Zone 2

A

Pa>PA>Pv
Waterfall
Blood flow proportional to Pa-PA

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22
Q

Zone 3

A

Pa>Pv>PA
Shunt
Better perfused than ventilated
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to decrease shunt

23
Q

Zone 4

A

Pa>Pinterstitial>Pv>PA

Pulmonary edema

24
Q

Alveolar oxygen

A

FiO2 x (Pb-PH2O)- (PaCO2/RQ)

Pb=barometric pressure
PH2O= humidity of inhaled gas (assumed 47 mmHg)
RQ= respiratory quotient (0.8)

25
Q

Respiratory quotient

A

Carbon dioxide production/oxygen consumption
200mL/min / 250mL/min
Assumed 0.8

26
Q

RQ changes

A

RQ >1= lipogenesis (overfeeding)

RQ 0.7+ lipolysis (starvation)

27
Q

A-a gradient

A

PAO2-PaO2

On RAis 15mmHg

28
Q

IRV

A

3000 mL

29
Q

VT

A

500 mL

6-8 mL/kg

30
Q

ERV

A

1100 mL

31
Q

RV

A

1200 mL

32
Q

CV

A

Variable

33
Q

TLC

A

5800 mL

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

34
Q

VC

A

4500 mL
60-70 mL/kg
IRV + TV + ERV

35
Q

IC

A

3500 mL

IRV + TV

36
Q

FRC

A

2300 mL
35 mL/kg
RV + ERV

37
Q

CC

A

Variable

RV + CV

38
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

35 mL/kg

Decreased leads to increased zone 3

39
Q

Closing capacity with aging

A

Cc equals FRC under GA @ 30
Supine @ 44
Standing @ 66

40
Q

Closing capacity

A

Closing volume + residual volume

41
Q

Closing volume

A

Volume above RV where small airways close during expiration

Happens when pleural pressure > airway pressure

42
Q

O2 carrying capacity

A

CaO2= (1.34 x Hbg x SaO2) + (PaO2 + 0.003)

How much O2 is dissolved in blood

43
Q

O2 delivery

A

DO2= CaO2 x CO x 10

How fast O2 is delivered to the tissues

44
Q

O2 consumption

A

VO2= CO x (CaO2-CvO2)

Approximately 3.5 mL/kg/min, 250 mL/min

45
Q

Normal Hgb and Hct

A

Male: 15g/dL and 45%
Female: 13g/dL and 39%

46
Q

P50 left shift

A

Increased infinity (Left=love)

Decreased temp
Decreased 2 3 DPG
Decreased CO2
Decreased H+
Increased pH
Hgbmet
HgbCO
HgbF
47
Q

P50 right shift

A

Decreased affinity (R=release)

Increased temp
Increased 23 DPG
Increased CO2
Increased H+
Decreased pH
48
Q

Where P50 occurs normally

A

26.5 mmHg partial pressure of oxygen

49
Q

PaCO2 changes on pH of blood

A

Acute respiratory acidosis- PaCO2 increases 10 mm Hg and pH decreases 0.08

Chronic respiratory acidosis- PaCO2 increases 10 mmHg and pH decreases 0.03 (renal HCO3- retention)

50
Q

Transport of CO2 in blood

A

70% bicarbonate
23% bound to hemoglobin
7% dissolved in plasma

51
Q

CO2 solubility coefficient

A

0.067 mL/dL/mmHg

52
Q

Haldane effect

A

Describes CO2 carrying
Opposite of Bohr effect
O2 causes RBC to release CO2

R shift=oxygenated hemoglobin
Occurs in lungs

L shift= deoxygenated hemoglobin
Occurs in capillaries

53
Q

Level for CO2 narcosis

A

PaCO2 > 90mmHg

APEX Review Cards (1 decks)

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