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English 3U > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Original five nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy in their correct geographical location

A

Western door; senneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk; Eastern door

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2
Q

When did the last residential school in Canada close?

A

1996

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3
Q

Why was the Royal Proclamation of 1763 important?

A

It established the concept of Aboriginal title or Native rights to the land

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4
Q

The Metis were people of mixed ancestry or heritage. Who were they the children of?

A

French, English or Scottish fur traders with Ojibway, Cree or Dene mothers

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5
Q

When was the Indian Act passed

A

In 1876

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6
Q

What was Louis Riel responsible for

A

The founding of the province of Manitoba in 1870

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7
Q

Who were the Cree chiefs who joined the rebellion

A

Pound maker and Big bear

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8
Q

What was Louis Riel found guilty for and what was his fate

A

High treason so he was hanged

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9
Q

Matrilineal society

A

When the family lineage or blood line is determined through the mother

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10
Q

Patrilineal society

A

When the family lineage or blood line is determined through the father

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11
Q

The diseases that killed off Native People

A

Smallpox, influenza, the measles etc

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12
Q

Thomas Scott

A

The hothead English Orangeman who tried to start attack Fort Garry

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13
Q

What was Thomas Scott eventually charged with

A

Treason and he was executed by a firing squad

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14
Q

What did the Native people make knives out of pre contact?

A

Stone and bone

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15
Q

Primary sources/ documents

A

First hand testimony or direct evidence concerning historical evidence

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16
Q

Examples of primary sources

A

Letters, journals, speeches, autobiography, photographs, paintings, artifacts

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17
Q

Eskimo

A

Used to describe Inuit which meant the eater of raw flesh

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18
Q

Petroglyphs

A

Images that were carved into rocks

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19
Q

Pictographs

A

Images that were painted onto rocks or animal hides

20
Q

Pemmican

A

The powder that buffalo meat was ground up into

21
Q

Two types of traditional shelters built by the Cree

A

Tipi, wigwam

22
Q

Why was the Royal Proclamation of 1763 important to the Native people

A

Because it forced the British to recognize Native rights to the land in writing

23
Q

Ultimate aim of the Indian act

A

To assimilate First Nations into the dominant culture through intermarriage and education

24
Q

How was Canada divided over the issue of Louis Riel?

A

The jurors that declared him guilty asked the judge for mercy and spare Riel the death penalty

25
Two personal powers the Indian agent had over First Nations
Controlling of band council meetings, controlled whether or not aboriginals could leave reserve which lasted until mid 1950s
26
Two political powers the Indian agent had over First Nations
Remove chiefs or leaders if they weren't following the Feds exact orders Decided how money from federal government would be spent
27
How was the situation for the Native people out west in 1885 desperate
The buffalo had been almost entirely wiped out and the Metis faced starvation Government promises were not enough and some corrupt Indian Agents sold off food Metis rebelled and attempted to declare independence from Canada
28
Role of an elder
Connect people to the events, ceremonies and customs of the past Pass on the knowledge of the ancestors Share knowledge about daily life Give spiritual advice Act as counsellors and share their insights
29
What are some qualities an elder should possess and why
Be wise: share their knowledge | Be good storytellers: pass on the stories to each generation
30
Two examples the First Nations of the Plains hunted the buffalo
Buffalo jump- the buffalo would be chased or driven off cliffs Enclosures- the buffalo would be driven off into included areas, surrounded and killed
31
Ways storytellers recorded legends
Carved them into rocks- petroglyphs | Painted onto rocks or animal hide- pictographs
32
Importance of creation stories to Natives
Entertainment | An important part of their culture of how people should interact w ppl and the earth
33
Importance of Trickster
Necessary to bring humour | Often hated for his stupidity
34
Importance of the Windigo
Cree culture, scared you out of considering cannibalism; ppl were killed for cannibabism because it was feared they had the spirit of the Windigo in them
35
6 things First Nations of the Plains made w the buffalo
Clothing from skin, pemmican from meat, food bag from bladder, knives from bones, fly swatter from tail, glue from hooves
36
US military strategy against First Nations of the Plains
Wipe out the buffalo and you wipe out the Natives
37
Two reasons why the Cree practiced the shaking tent
To look into the future (prophecy) | To find the location of the animals
38
Us expansion
The settlers moved out in large numbers due to the railroad Settlers continually clashed with Native People Treaties were made and ignored by settlers No law and order- the gun was the law
39
Canadian expansion
The north west mounted police(law) went out first and established law and order Relatively peaceful, with the exception of the northwest rebellion of 1885 The government made treaties with Native People
40
Causes of the ghost dance
Wovanka- a Paiute from Nevada who announced that the Messiah had come to the earth to help the natives
41
Effects of the ghost dance
Told prophecy that in the next spring, when the grass was high, the Earth would be covered in a new soil, burying the white man All Natives who danced the ghost dance would be lifted up and lowered to the earth Then the buffalo would return Panicked US army so they massacred the natives
42
Europeans concept of land
That it could be owned bought and sold
43
Natives concept of land
It could not be owned; is a gift from the creator for all to use
44
How American and Canadian expansion are different
Canadian was more peaceful, they respected treaties, sent a only a few at first, less chaos more law and order whereas w the us the gun was the law
45
Eurocentric POV treaties
Treaties were severed to acquire absolute ownership of real estate
46
Native POV treaties
Land could not be owned and that the treaties guaranteed access or use of the land for all

English 3U (4 decks)

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