Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

College Chemistry (Gen, Organic, BioChem) > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that has a mass and volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 types of matter

A

Pure Substances & Mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mixtures have what composition, which means

A

variable, which means it is made up of different types of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pure substances have what composition, which means what

A

constant, which means it cannot be separated into simpler substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mixtures can be broken down into 2 things

A

heterogeneous and homogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pure Substances can be broken down into 2 things

A

compounds and elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a sample that only contains only one type of substance for which a chemical symbol or formula is written

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are compounds

examples of a compound

A

a pure substance containing 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together
water-H2O, Glucose(sugar), CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are elements

example of an element

A

simplest form of matter - only one kind of atom

copper, diamonds(carbon), hydrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does it mean to be heterogeneous

examples of ^

A

composition is not the same throughout - not uniform

chunky soup, salad, oil and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does it mean to be homogeneous

example of ^

A

composition is the same throughout - uniform

water, air, blood, milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are atoms

A

smallest unit of matter that can keep its chemically unique characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

atoms are made up of what

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are protons

A

positive charge, center of the nucleus, mass of 1 AMU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are neutrons

A

neutral charge, center of nucleus, mass of 1 AMU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are electrons

A

negative charger, floating around the nucelus in the electron cloud, very small mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how to find # of electrons in a neutral atom

A

neutral atom - # of protons = # of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the chemical symbol

A

the one or two lettering abbreviation for an element found on the periodic table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are elements arranged

A

1) # of protons + # of neutrons(# electrons)
2) Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
The atomic # is the # of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are periods

A

horizontal rows of elements

1-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are groups

A

vertical rows of elements

numbered 1A-8A or 1-18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the types of elements on the periodic table

A

metals, nonmetals, and metaliods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are chemical formulas

A

a representation showing both the identity(or type) and number of elements in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
chemical formulas tell us | ex
what types of atoms and how many of each atom and use symbols and numbers CO2
26
the nutrient carbohydrates have what elements present, use in body and good food sources
elements present: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Use in Body: Source of Energy Good Food Sources: Rice, Bread, Potatoe
27
the nutrient fats and oils have what elements present, use in body, and good food sources
elements present: Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen use in body: Source of energy, insulation Good food sources: Butter. milk, cheese, egg yolk
28
the nutrient protein have what elements present, use in body, and good food course
elements present: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen use in body: growth and tissue repair good food sources: meat, fish, eggs, soya, milk
29
what is the atomic radius
the size of atoms gets bigger as you go vertically(new energy levels being used) gets smaller as you go horizontally(Nucelus becomes more positive pulling atoms closer
30
what is ionization energy
how much energy is needed to add or remove an electron gets bigger going horizontally(elements on left side form cations and elements on right form anions) gets smaller going vertically(farther away from the nucleus)
31
what is electron affinity
how strongly atoms attracts electrons gets bigger horizontally gets smaller vertically
32
chemical compounds can be represented in what ways
Names, Formulas, and Models
33
what are diatomic elements and examples
two atoms together | hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine
34
states of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
35
when adding/subtracting numbers, how do you determine sig figs
you use the least precise number
36
when multiplying/dividing numbers, how do you determine sig figs
use the # with the least number of sig figs
37
when using a percent, you can express it by
a fraction as part of 100 | ratio or fraction
38
volume def
is the amt. of space matter takes up | length X width X Height
39
density def
the mass of matter compared to its volume | density = mass/volume
40
mass def
the measure of the amount of stuff in an object
41
weight def
the mass of an object on earth accounting for the pull of gravity
42
on the earth and moon compare your mass and weight
mass would be the same | weight would be different
43
when adding/subtracting in scientific notation, you
get the exponents the same before adding or subtracting
44
when multiplying in scientific notation, you
add the exponents | and then X the numbers together and then make sure the number is between 1-10
45
when dividing in scientific notation, you
subtract the exponents | divide the numbers and then make sure the # is between 1-10
46
what is the specific gravity
the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water(1.00g/ml or 1.00g/cc
47
what is temperature
measures how hot or cold matter is
48
how are molecules moving in hot temperatures
moving rapidly, more heat energy
49
how are molecules moving in cold temperatures
moving slowly, less heat energy
50
when are the freezing and boiling points for F, C, and K
F: boiling 212F freezing 32C Celcius: 100C Boil 0C freezing Kalvin: 373 boil 273.15 F
51
hyperthermia def
temperature above 104F/40C | Fever or heatstroke
52
hypothermia def
temperature below 95F / 35C | exposure to freezing conditions
53
energy def
the capacity to do work
54
potential energy def
stored energy
55
kinetic energy def
energy of movement
56
what does it mean when energy is conserved
takes other forms, but can't be destroyed
57
1 calorie is how many joules
4.184 joules
58
1 kilocalorie is how many calories
1000 calories
59
heat flows from
hot to cold
60
accuracy def
measurements close to their true value
61
precise def
repeated measurements have similar values
62
gtt is short for the greek work gutta
know
63
many medicines are potent so
they are administered in very small amounts
64
small doses are hard to handle so
inster non active binders are added to increase the size of pills or liquids
65
physical changes def
``` in matter occurs when the form or phase of matter is changed, but it remains the same chemically paper to shredded paper wood to sawdust rain to sleet wax to melted max ```
66
chemical changes def
In matter occurs when it undergoes a change in its element make up. It is difficult to reverse, permantent change. change in which new substance is formed. bonds are broken and formed iron rust cooking food respiration
67
reactants
left side of equation
68
products
right side of the equation
69
coefficants
in front of formulas
70
mass number or atomic mass =
protons + neutrons
71
isotopes have
same number of protons, different number of neutrons, different atomic mass
72
forms of radiation
alpha particle, beta decay, gamma ray, positron
73
alpha particle
helium nucleus
74
beta particle
electron
75
gamma ray
high energy ray
76
positron
positively charged electron
77
biological effects of radioactivity
inozing radiation interacts with atoms and ejects electrons | makes atoms more reactive
78
Sievert units (Sv)
measures effects of biological damage
79
millirem
another unit commonly used (100,000millirems=1SV)
80
we are exposed to radiation everyday
need to know
81
radon is one of the leading causes of
lung cancer
82
half life def
amt of time needed for half of radioactive sample of decay
83
naturally occurring isoptopes have
long half lives
84
isoptopes used in medicine have
short half lives
85
tracer def
a minimal amt of a radioactive substance used for detection purpose only

College Chemistry (Gen, Organic, BioChem) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions