Unit 1 Flashcards
What is matter?
anything that has a mass and volume
What are the 2 types of matter
Pure Substances & Mixtures
Mixtures have what composition, which means
variable, which means it is made up of different types of atoms
Pure substances have what composition, which means what
constant, which means it cannot be separated into simpler substances
Mixtures can be broken down into 2 things
heterogeneous and homogeneous
Pure Substances can be broken down into 2 things
compounds and elements
what is a mixture
a combination of two or more substances
what is a pure substance
a sample that only contains only one type of substance for which a chemical symbol or formula is written
what are compounds
examples of a compound
a pure substance containing 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together
water-H2O, Glucose(sugar), CO2
what are elements
example of an element
simplest form of matter - only one kind of atom
copper, diamonds(carbon), hydrogen)
what does it mean to be heterogeneous
examples of ^
composition is not the same throughout - not uniform
chunky soup, salad, oil and water
what does it mean to be homogeneous
example of ^
composition is the same throughout - uniform
water, air, blood, milk
what are atoms
smallest unit of matter that can keep its chemically unique characteristics
atoms are made up of what
protons, neutrons, electrons
what are protons
positive charge, center of the nucleus, mass of 1 AMU
what are neutrons
neutral charge, center of nucleus, mass of 1 AMU
what are electrons
negative charger, floating around the nucelus in the electron cloud, very small mass
how to find # of electrons in a neutral atom
neutral atom - # of protons = # of electrons
what is the chemical symbol
the one or two lettering abbreviation for an element found on the periodic table
how are elements arranged
1) # of protons + # of neutrons(# electrons)
2) Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
The atomic # is the # of protons
what are periods
horizontal rows of elements
1-7
what are groups
vertical rows of elements
numbered 1A-8A or 1-18
what are the types of elements on the periodic table
metals, nonmetals, and metaliods
what are chemical formulas
a representation showing both the identity(or type) and number of elements in a compound
chemical formulas tell us
ex
what types of atoms and how many of each atom and use symbols and numbers
CO2
the nutrient carbohydrates have what elements present, use in body and good food sources
elements present: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Use in Body: Source of Energy
Good Food Sources: Rice, Bread, Potatoe
the nutrient fats and oils have what elements present, use in body, and good food sources
elements present: Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen
use in body: Source of energy, insulation
Good food sources: Butter. milk, cheese, egg yolk
the nutrient protein have what elements present, use in body, and good food course
elements present: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
use in body: growth and tissue repair
good food sources: meat, fish, eggs, soya, milk
what is the atomic radius
the size of atoms
gets bigger as you go vertically(new energy levels being used)
gets smaller as you go horizontally(Nucelus becomes more positive pulling atoms closer
what is ionization energy
how much energy is needed to add or remove an electron
gets bigger going horizontally(elements on left side form cations and elements on right form anions)
gets smaller going vertically(farther away from the nucleus)
what is electron affinity
how strongly atoms attracts electrons
gets bigger horizontally
gets smaller vertically
chemical compounds can be represented in what ways
Names, Formulas, and Models
what are diatomic elements and examples
two atoms together
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine
states of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
when adding/subtracting numbers, how do you determine sig figs
you use the least precise number
when multiplying/dividing numbers, how do you determine sig figs
use the # with the least number of sig figs
when using a percent, you can express it by
a fraction as part of 100
ratio or fraction
volume def
is the amt. of space matter takes up
length X width X Height
density def
the mass of matter compared to its volume
density = mass/volume
mass def
the measure of the amount of stuff in an object
weight def
the mass of an object on earth accounting for the pull of gravity
on the earth and moon compare your mass and weight
mass would be the same
weight would be different
when adding/subtracting in scientific notation, you
get the exponents the same before adding or subtracting
when multiplying in scientific notation, you
add the exponents
and then X the numbers together and then make sure the number is between 1-10
when dividing in scientific notation, you
subtract the exponents
divide the numbers and then make sure the # is between 1-10
what is the specific gravity
the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water(1.00g/ml or 1.00g/cc
what is temperature
measures how hot or cold matter is
how are molecules moving in hot temperatures
moving rapidly, more heat energy
how are molecules moving in cold temperatures
moving slowly, less heat energy
when are the freezing and boiling points for F, C, and K
F: boiling 212F freezing 32C
Celcius: 100C Boil 0C freezing
Kalvin: 373 boil 273.15 F
hyperthermia def
temperature above 104F/40C
Fever or heatstroke
hypothermia def
temperature below 95F / 35C
exposure to freezing conditions
energy def
the capacity to do work
potential energy def
stored energy
kinetic energy def
energy of movement
what does it mean when energy is conserved
takes other forms, but can’t be destroyed
1 calorie is how many joules
4.184 joules
1 kilocalorie is how many calories
1000 calories
heat flows from
hot to cold
accuracy def
measurements close to their true value
precise def
repeated measurements have similar values
gtt is short for the greek work gutta
know
many medicines are potent so
they are administered in very small amounts
small doses are hard to handle so
inster non active binders are added to increase the size of pills or liquids
physical changes def
in matter occurs when the form or phase of matter is changed, but it remains the same chemically paper to shredded paper wood to sawdust rain to sleet wax to melted max
chemical changes def
In matter occurs when it undergoes a change in its element make up. It is difficult to reverse, permantent change. change in which new substance is formed. bonds are broken and formed
iron rust
cooking food
respiration
reactants
left side of equation
products
right side of the equation
coefficants
in front of formulas
mass number or atomic mass =
protons + neutrons
isotopes have
same number of protons, different number of neutrons, different atomic mass
forms of radiation
alpha particle, beta decay, gamma ray, positron
alpha particle
helium nucleus
beta particle
electron
gamma ray
high energy ray
positron
positively charged electron
biological effects of radioactivity
inozing radiation interacts with atoms and ejects electrons
makes atoms more reactive
Sievert units (Sv)
measures effects of biological damage
millirem
another unit commonly used (100,000millirems=1SV)
we are exposed to radiation everyday
need to know
radon is one of the leading causes of
lung cancer
half life def
amt of time needed for half of radioactive sample of decay
naturally occurring isoptopes have
long half lives
isoptopes used in medicine have
short half lives
tracer def
a minimal amt of a radioactive substance used for detection purpose only
