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College Chemistry (Gen, Organic, BioChem) > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that has a mass and volume

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of matter

A

Pure Substances & Mixtures

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3
Q

Mixtures have what composition, which means

A

variable, which means it is made up of different types of atoms

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4
Q

Pure substances have what composition, which means what

A

constant, which means it cannot be separated into simpler substances

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5
Q

Mixtures can be broken down into 2 things

A

heterogeneous and homogeneous

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6
Q

Pure Substances can be broken down into 2 things

A

compounds and elements

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7
Q

what is a mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances

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8
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a sample that only contains only one type of substance for which a chemical symbol or formula is written

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9
Q

what are compounds

examples of a compound

A

a pure substance containing 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together
water-H2O, Glucose(sugar), CO2

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10
Q

what are elements

example of an element

A

simplest form of matter - only one kind of atom

copper, diamonds(carbon), hydrogen)

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11
Q

what does it mean to be heterogeneous

examples of ^

A

composition is not the same throughout - not uniform

chunky soup, salad, oil and water

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12
Q

what does it mean to be homogeneous

example of ^

A

composition is the same throughout - uniform

water, air, blood, milk

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13
Q

what are atoms

A

smallest unit of matter that can keep its chemically unique characteristics

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14
Q

atoms are made up of what

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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15
Q

what are protons

A

positive charge, center of the nucleus, mass of 1 AMU

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16
Q

what are neutrons

A

neutral charge, center of nucleus, mass of 1 AMU

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17
Q

what are electrons

A

negative charger, floating around the nucelus in the electron cloud, very small mass

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18
Q

how to find # of electrons in a neutral atom

A

neutral atom - # of protons = # of electrons

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19
Q

what is the chemical symbol

A

the one or two lettering abbreviation for an element found on the periodic table

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20
Q

how are elements arranged

A

1) # of protons + # of neutrons(# electrons)
2) Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
The atomic # is the # of protons

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21
Q

what are periods

A

horizontal rows of elements

1-7

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22
Q

what are groups

A

vertical rows of elements

numbered 1A-8A or 1-18

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23
Q

what are the types of elements on the periodic table

A

metals, nonmetals, and metaliods

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24
Q

what are chemical formulas

A

a representation showing both the identity(or type) and number of elements in a compound

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25
Q

chemical formulas tell us

ex

A

what types of atoms and how many of each atom and use symbols and numbers
CO2

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26
Q

the nutrient carbohydrates have what elements present, use in body and good food sources

A

elements present: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Use in Body: Source of Energy
Good Food Sources: Rice, Bread, Potatoe

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27
Q

the nutrient fats and oils have what elements present, use in body, and good food sources

A

elements present: Carbon, hydrogen, Oxygen
use in body: Source of energy, insulation
Good food sources: Butter. milk, cheese, egg yolk

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28
Q

the nutrient protein have what elements present, use in body, and good food course

A

elements present: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
use in body: growth and tissue repair
good food sources: meat, fish, eggs, soya, milk

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29
Q

what is the atomic radius

A

the size of atoms
gets bigger as you go vertically(new energy levels being used)
gets smaller as you go horizontally(Nucelus becomes more positive pulling atoms closer

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30
Q

what is ionization energy

A

how much energy is needed to add or remove an electron
gets bigger going horizontally(elements on left side form cations and elements on right form anions)
gets smaller going vertically(farther away from the nucleus)

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31
Q

what is electron affinity

A

how strongly atoms attracts electrons
gets bigger horizontally
gets smaller vertically

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32
Q

chemical compounds can be represented in what ways

A

Names, Formulas, and Models

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33
Q

what are diatomic elements and examples

A

two atoms together

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine

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34
Q

states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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35
Q

when adding/subtracting numbers, how do you determine sig figs

A

you use the least precise number

36
Q

when multiplying/dividing numbers, how do you determine sig figs

A

use the # with the least number of sig figs

37
Q

when using a percent, you can express it by

A

a fraction as part of 100

ratio or fraction

38
Q

volume def

A

is the amt. of space matter takes up

length X width X Height

39
Q

density def

A

the mass of matter compared to its volume

density = mass/volume

40
Q

mass def

A

the measure of the amount of stuff in an object

41
Q

weight def

A

the mass of an object on earth accounting for the pull of gravity

42
Q

on the earth and moon compare your mass and weight

A

mass would be the same

weight would be different

43
Q

when adding/subtracting in scientific notation, you

A

get the exponents the same before adding or subtracting

44
Q

when multiplying in scientific notation, you

A

add the exponents

and then X the numbers together and then make sure the number is between 1-10

45
Q

when dividing in scientific notation, you

A

subtract the exponents

divide the numbers and then make sure the # is between 1-10

46
Q

what is the specific gravity

A

the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water(1.00g/ml or 1.00g/cc

47
Q

what is temperature

A

measures how hot or cold matter is

48
Q

how are molecules moving in hot temperatures

A

moving rapidly, more heat energy

49
Q

how are molecules moving in cold temperatures

A

moving slowly, less heat energy

50
Q

when are the freezing and boiling points for F, C, and K

A

F: boiling 212F freezing 32C
Celcius: 100C Boil 0C freezing
Kalvin: 373 boil 273.15 F

51
Q

hyperthermia def

A

temperature above 104F/40C

Fever or heatstroke

52
Q

hypothermia def

A

temperature below 95F / 35C

exposure to freezing conditions

53
Q

energy def

A

the capacity to do work

54
Q

potential energy def

A

stored energy

55
Q

kinetic energy def

A

energy of movement

56
Q

what does it mean when energy is conserved

A

takes other forms, but can’t be destroyed

57
Q

1 calorie is how many joules

A

4.184 joules

58
Q

1 kilocalorie is how many calories

A

1000 calories

59
Q

heat flows from

A

hot to cold

60
Q

accuracy def

A

measurements close to their true value

61
Q

precise def

A

repeated measurements have similar values

62
Q

gtt is short for the greek work gutta

A

know

63
Q

many medicines are potent so

A

they are administered in very small amounts

64
Q

small doses are hard to handle so

A

inster non active binders are added to increase the size of pills or liquids

65
Q

physical changes def

A 
in matter occurs when the form or phase of matter is changed, but it remains the same chemically
paper to shredded paper
wood to sawdust
rain to sleet
wax to melted max
66
Q

chemical changes def

A

In matter occurs when it undergoes a change in its element make up. It is difficult to reverse, permantent change. change in which new substance is formed. bonds are broken and formed
iron rust
cooking food
respiration

67
Q

reactants

A

left side of equation

68
Q

products

A

right side of the equation

69
Q

coefficants

A

in front of formulas

70
Q

mass number or atomic mass =

A

protons + neutrons

71
Q

isotopes have

A

same number of protons, different number of neutrons, different atomic mass

72
Q

forms of radiation

A

alpha particle, beta decay, gamma ray, positron

73
Q

alpha particle

A

helium nucleus

74
Q

beta particle

A

electron

75
Q

gamma ray

A

high energy ray

76
Q

positron

A

positively charged electron

77
Q

biological effects of radioactivity

A

inozing radiation interacts with atoms and ejects electrons

makes atoms more reactive

78
Q

Sievert units (Sv)

A

measures effects of biological damage

79
Q

millirem

A

another unit commonly used (100,000millirems=1SV)

80
Q

we are exposed to radiation everyday

A

need to know

81
Q

radon is one of the leading causes of

A

lung cancer

82
Q

half life def

A

amt of time needed for half of radioactive sample of decay

83
Q

naturally occurring isoptopes have

A

long half lives

84
Q

isoptopes used in medicine have

A

short half lives

85
Q

tracer def

A

a minimal amt of a radioactive substance used for detection purpose only

College Chemistry (Gen, Organic, BioChem) (3 decks)

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