Unit 1 Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass
What are the states of matter?
Solid - has fixed shape and volume
Liquid - takes shape of container, forms horizontal surface, has fixed volume
Gas - expands to fill container
Plasma - a gaseous state of matter that contains appreciable numbers of electrically charged particles, found in high temp environments (like stars, lightning strikes, TVs); sometimes called ionized gas
How is plasma different than gas?
In plasma, the gas is exposed to such high temp or electricity that the atoms collide and electrons are knocked from their orbits and float around freely. It easily conducts electricity, produces and responds to magnetic fields
What’s the difference between weight and mass?
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. Often measured by using a balance to compare to standard mass. Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object. Ex: An astronaut’s mass does not change but her weight on the moon is only 1/6 of her earthbound weight because the moon’s gravity is only 1/6 of the earth’s.
Provide an example of the macroscopic domain
Everyday things that are large enough to be sensed directly by human sight or touch; includes the food you eat, the breeze you feel on your face
The macroscopic domain includes everyday and laboratory chemistry, where we observe and measure physical and chemical properties, or changes such as density, solubility, and flammability.
Provide an example of microscopic domain
Almost always visited in the imagination. Some aspects are visible through a microscope, such as a magnified image of graphite or bacteria
Provide an example of symbolic domain
Contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains. Chemical symbols (such as those in the periodic table), chemical formulas and chemical equations are part of the symbolic domain
Identify properties of matter as extensive or intensive.
If the property depends on the amount of matter present, it is an extensive property. Ex: mass and volume - a gallon of something has more mass and volume than a cup of it; heat
If the property of a sample of matter does not depend on the amount of matter present, it is an intensive property. Ex: temperature, density
Heat / Temp Example: Consider the distinct but related properties of heat and temperature. A drop of hot cooking oil spattered on your arm causes brief, minor discomfort, whereas a pot of hot oil yields severe burns. Both the drop and the pot of oil are at the same temperature (an intensive property), but the pot clearly contains much more heat (extensive property).
Explain the process of measurement.
Measurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry
Identify the three basic parts of a quantity.
Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty.
Distinguish exact and uncertain numbers.
Exact - numbers derived from counting and are exact (12 eggs in a dozen, 1 foot is exaclty 12 inches)
Quantities derived from measurements other than counting, however, are uncertain to varying extents due to practical limitations of the measurement process used.
Examples of physical properties
density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity
Examples of chemical properties
flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion
A chemical change always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change.
What are the SI base units of measure?
Unit Symbol Quantity
meter m length
kilogram kg mass
second s time
kelvin K temperature
mole mol amount of substance
ampere A electric current
candela cd luminous intensity
What are the unit prefixes from 10-15 to 1012
Prefix Symbol Factor
femto f 10-15
pico p 10-12
nano n 10-9
micro µ 10-6
milli m 10-3
centi cm 10-2
deci d 10-1
kilo k 103
mega M 106
giga G 109
tera T 1012
Composition of matter
decision tree below
