Unit 1 Flashcards
Behavior and the Enviroment
Behavior Analysis is:
A natural science
Which of the following would not fall within the subject matter of behavior analysis?
The cognitive-behavioral analysis of mental schemas in an adult with depression.
Which of the following is not a critical attribute of behavior?
Can be either observable or unobservable
Behavior is:
The interaction of the muscles and the glands of a live organism and the environment
Anne’s financial advisor, Willard, told her that the stock market was a good investment right now because it had begun to behave more predictably in recent months due to improving economic conditions. Which critical attribute of behavior did Willard’s statement violate, in terms of his description of the stock market?
Behavior can only be done by a living organism
Which of the following is a behavior because it passes the dead man’s test?
Lucy the dog barked and wagged her tail
Identify whether one, both, or neither of the following is a behavior.
X = Not answering a question
Y = Thinking about the right answer to a question
Y only is an example of behavior
Public behavior is…
Behavior which is possible to be observed by two or more individuals
Julia awoke with a headache. She thought she might be coming down with a cold. These occurrences (her headache and her thought) can best be described as…
Private events
The King and his family are provided a large table of food. Then the King is presented with various forms of entertainment at court. In terms of the King as the behaver, these events (being provided food, being presented with a show) are all…
Neither public nor private behavior.
A response is…
A single instance of behavior
Which of the following is an example of a response cycle
Carl’s “screams” begin when he starts to vocalize above conversational level, continue as he yells, and end when he has stopped vocalizing for 30 seconds
Which of the following is a fundamental property of behavior
Repeatability
A behavior repeats 15 times. The number 15 represents which dimensional quantity?
Frequency
A dimensional quantity is
The quantifiable aspect of a fundamental property
One dimensional quantity measures the time between a stimulus and a target behavior which follows that stimulus. For example, after a doorbell rings (stimulus), someone then answers the door (target response). This dimensional quantity, the measured time between stimulus and response, is called:
Latency
The following 3 items are about Jose eating sashimi: A plate of sashimi tuna is placed in front of Jose. You measure the amount of time between the plate arriving and the first bite of tuna Jose takes. You are measuring the dimensional quantity of:
Latency
You measure the amount of time Jose takes to chew and swallow a bite of sashimi. You are measuring the dimensional quantity of
Duration
During your observation, Jose took a total of 30 bites of sashimi. You did not measure how long you watched him for. Which dimensional quantity does this number, “30”, represent?
Frequency
In preparation for the Olympics, Abebe increased his rate of running miles per week from 50 per week to 100 per week over a period of 4 weeks. This change represents the dimensional quantity of:
Celeration
The target behavior is “sleeping in bed”. The person “sleeps in bed” an average of 8 hours per day, and is awake/out-of-bed an average of 16 hours per day (between periods of sleeping in bed). The number, “8 hours” represents the dimensional quantity X , and the number 16 hours represents the dimensional quantity, Y.
X = duration, Y = IRT
When you write a response definition without specifying anything about the antecedent stimuli or consequating stimuli, but simply describe the form of the response, you are describing the _________ of the response.
Topography
Ali “punched”, which consisted of closed-fisted short jabbing strikes. Sometimes he punched objects (e.g., couches), and sometimes he punched people. Sometimes punching resulted in him receiving attention from staff and peers; sometimes it got him out of having to complete tasks (such as chores); and sometimes he did it when he was all alone (punching pillow at night). Thus, even though his various “punching” responses seemed to have different X , they all had a very similar Y .
X = Functions, Y = Topographies
The function of the response differs from the form of the response in that the function is determined by the response’s
Effect on the environment
A topographical response class is a collection of…
Two or more responses which share a common/similar form, regardless of their effect on the environment
People said Billy-bob “had a habit” of cutting himself and taking samples of his own blood. He would put these samples in small vials and keep them in his room. In the presence of certain people (his friends mainly) he would get a lot of attention for this behavior (“Cool man”; “Go Billy-bob, go!”). But when he did this in the presence of other people (especially the adults in his family), they would express horror, and then quickly move away from him (for example: “Arrgh, that is disgusting, William. How can you do that to yourself?”, or “Good grief, just stop it will ya?”). Billy-bob liked his adult family members’ reactions, especially because they typically resulted in him escaping (or avoiding) prompts to “clean his room” or to ”turn down that awful music”. Sometimes he would just sit alone his room at night and take a couple of blood samples, just for fun. For Billy-bob, all of these instances of “taking samples of his own blood” constituted a(n)
Topographical response class
Sid is at his cabin in the Rocky Mountains. He looks up at the night sky (without aid of any telescope or binoculars), and sees the stars, the planets, and the Moon. A small meteor strikes the far side of the Moon. The far side of the Moon is always turned away from the Earth and can never be seen from anywhere on Earth. Which of the following is NOT a stimulus in Sid’s environment?
A meteor striking the far side of the Moon
Marshall is in a workshop. All at the same time, he hears the air conditioner come on, a police siren a block away, a radio playing in the room, birds singing outside the window, and a staff person asking him to stand up. There are many people around him. He has a box of pens on the table in front of him. The room is warm. This is a description of a:
Part of his environmental context
Jack Michael defined a stimulus as, “an energy X that affects an organism thorough its Y .
X = change Y = receptors
An antecedent is …
A stimulus which precedes a specified response
A teacher hands out a math worksheet to all of her students. One student answers all of the problems very quickly and turns the worksheet in immediately. The teacher gives him a star on his paper and the student smiles at her, and then looks away shyly. She immediately says to him, “Really excellent work, Mahmoud. You may become a mathematician someday!” Soon, the bell rings and class is over. Later that afternoon he tells his mom about this interaction with his teacher, and his mom gives him a hug. If Mahmoud is the behaver, which of the following would count as a consequence for one of Mahmoud’s behaviors?
The teacher saying “Really excellent work”
Which of the following statement is NOT true of a stimulus class
A stimulus class is always based on some common characteristic relating to the physical form of the stimulus
You see a bowl of bouillabaisse (French seafood stew) and say “Fish soup!” You see a bowl of cioppino (Italian seafood soup) and you say, “Fish soup!” You see a bowl of yosenabe (Japanese “everything in a pot” soup, usually with a lot of fish) and you say, “Fish soup!” As the behaver in this scenario, your saying, “Fish Soup” in these three circumstances forms a X class, while all of the various bowls of soup taken together form a Y class.
X = topographical response Y = stimulus
Which of the following is a critical attribute of a functional relationship?
The value of the dependent variable changes in an orderly fashion
Functional relationships between environmental events and specific behavior can be revealed with the greatest certainty by doing
Systematic manipulations
