Unit 1/7 Test

Question 1

Deception

Answer 1

Any distortion of fact with the purpose of misleading others.

Question 2

Debriefing

Answer 2

The post-experimental explanation of a study to its participants.

Question 3

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Answer 3

Reviews research proposals for ethical acceptability.

Question 4

Sampling Bias

Answer 4

When the sample isn’t representative of the population.

Question 5

Random Assignment

Answer 5

Assigning people to the control and experimental groups randomly.

Question 6

Random Sample

Answer 6

Each member of the population has an equal probability of being chosen.

Question 7

Experimental Design

Answer 7

The only design that can conclude cause and effect, manipulate variables to discover their effects, randomly assigns people to conditions, hypothesis testing, proves causation.

Question 8

Quasi-Experimental Design

Answer 8

Looks like experimental design but lacks random assignment, casualty can be disputed due to lack of random assignment, ex: testing if a medicine has birth defects.

Question 9

Correlational Methods

Answer 9

Tests whether a relationship exists between variables, hypothesis testing.

Question 10

Descriptive/Qualitative Methods

Answer 10

Gather information through observation/measuring, non-experimental, describes general or specific behaviors.

Question 11

Correlation

Answer 11

Measure of the extent to which 2 variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other, scattered plots show correlations.

Question 12

Illusory Correlation

Answer 12

The perception of a relationship where none exists, ex: getting chilled and wet causes people to catch a cold.

Question 13

Correlation vs. Causation

Answer 13

Correlation describes a possible relationship variables while causation indicates that one variable directly causes another.

Question 14

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 14

When lab studies are difficult or less useful, researchers can observe subjects in their real life environment, ex: watching the guide dogs of America on camera.

Question 15

Non-Response Bias

Answer 15

When people refusing to participate in the study can influence the validity of the outcome

Question 16

Non-Response Error

Answer 16

You have to take note of how many surveys you give out and how many surveys were filled out.

Question 17

Cross-Sectional Study

Answer 17

Comparing multiple segments of the population simultaneously.

Question 18

Operational Definitions

Answer 18

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study.

Question 19

Case Study

Answer 19

Descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing something universal.

Question 20

Survey

Answer 20

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes/behaviors of a particular group.

Question 21

Longitudinal Study

Answer 21

Data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time.

Question 22

Double-Blind Procedure

Answer 22

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment/placebo.

Question 23

Confounding Variables

Answer 23

A factor other than the IV that might produce an effect in an experiment.

Question 24

Direct Correlation

Answer 24

The presence of 1 thing predicts the presence of another.

Question 25

Indirect Correlation

Answer 25

Presence of 1 thing predicts the absence of another.

Question 26

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 26

The effect on the behavior of individuals of knowing that they are being observed or are taking part in research.

Question 27

Ethical Standards

Answer 27

Researchers follow the standards identified in the APA Ethics Code to protect the rights and welfare of research participants.