Unit 1 Flashcards
River Derwent 1999
2 Physical causes of the flooding
Heavy Rainfall over NORTH YORK MOORS- 250MM IN 12 DAYS
Ground was already saturated so it couldn’t hold anymore water
River Derwent 1999
2 Human causes of flooding
People removed peat from side of river which acts like a sponge
Houses were built on floodplains making the ground impermeable
Mississippi River
Give context on river
Provides 18 Million people with water across America
Severe floods in 2001 caused $13 million in damage
Give 3 Hard engineering methods to counter flooding in the Mississippi River
Levees raised by 15 Metres for a 3000km stretch- Levees push problem downstream
Over 100 dams built on tributaries- trap silt so land is less fertile
Engineers cut through 1750km of meanders- river erodes back to its normal route making this a waste of time and money
Give 2 soft engineering methods to counter flooding in the Mississippi River
Afforestation-increased interception therefore less discharge
Safe flooding zones, cheaper in long term
Newcastle Co Down
Give info on Groynes built
Built in 1980’s, last about 20 years then are decayed, trapped sand moving north east. They protected the beach for a while but didn’t last long and were expensive
Newcastle Co.Down
Give info on Gabions built
Mesh boxes with stones inside, placed at the mouth of the Shimna river in 2006. Protected coastline and river mouth from erosion. Stabilised the area of that coast.
they break up wave energy best however they need replaced often which is expensive
Newcastle Co.Down
Give info on sea wall built
Built in 1800’s and rebuilt in 2002
Protected Newcastle for years
New curved wall reflects wave energy
Reflected waves erode the beach
Protects Newcastle for years
Expensive costing £4 million
Eroded beach leads to less tourism
Climate change in an MEDC-Uk
Give 3 impacts on the environment
Rising sea levels cause flooding of wildlife habitats
Plants and animals living in high mountains become extinct
growth of trees extents northwards
Climate change in an MEDC-Uk
Give 4 impacts on society
Increase in pests/diseases, malaria spreads to UK
Autumn of 2000 was wettest on records as warmer air holds more moisture
South England has hot summers, potential heatwave could kill 3000 people
Southern Britain becomes driers, hose pipe bans
Climate change in an MEDC-Uk
Give 4 impacts on the economy
Higher yields of maize,oats,barley and wheat
Low lying areas could be flooded causing damage
Scottish ski industry melting
Heatwave in 1995 resulted in tourists spending £1.5 billion in Kent,Sussex and Surrey
Market Rasen Earthquake 2008
Give 2 Causes of the earthquake
Rocks move under pressure creating earthquake
Rocks on a fault line moves suddenly 20km underground, the earthquake measured 5.2 on the Richter scale
Market Rasen Earthquake 2008
Give 6 impacts of the earthquake
Many people woken by noise
Buildings damages
£10,000 worth of damage done to church
Man suffered a broken pelvis
Power cuts
5000 people phoned police in 1 hour
Earthquake in MEDC- Kobe Japan
Give context and causes
Happened in 1995
Magnitude of 7.2
Causes- on a destructive place boundary where the Pacific plate and Philippine plate are subducted under the Eurasian plate
Earthquake in MEDC, Kobe Japan
Give short term impacts on people
200,000 building collapsed 5500 people died 1km of Hanshin railway collapsed More than 150 fires started 250,000 made homeless
