Unit 1 Flashcards
Hildegard Peplau
- Interpersonal relationship between nurse and patient = core of nursing care
- relating on a human level
- Viewed nursing as an interactive and therapeutic relationship
- Pyschodymanic nursing- describing how the nurse-patient relationship changes over time
- Self-esteem deeply influences nursing professional and scientific development
Ida Jean Orlando
- The dynamic nurse-patient relationship
- focuses on the whole patient
- interpersonal nursing model
Joyce Travelbee
•Viewed nursing care as an interpersonal process
-Provided an existential perspective on nursing
• Viewed “client” as the individual, their family, and community.
•The role of the nurse is to help clients prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering and if needed find meaning in these experiences.
-Believed that humans seek meaning in their lives and experiences
•Communication between nurses and clients is an important means of finding meaning in illness
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
-Quality of life is perceived by person and family
• An individual is indivisible, unpredictable and ever-changing
• Individuals make continuous choices in response to continuous changing health priorities
Patricia Benner
- primacy of caring
- nursing as a caring relationship
Jean Watson
caring is the foundation of nursing
-humanistic principle
• Watson believed nurses must do MORE than deal with physical illness.
• CARING infuses all aspects of the role of a nurse
• CARING facilitates healing and growth.
Philip Baker
The Tidal Model of Mental Recovery and Reclamation
-the lived experience is central to mental health care
what are the systems theories?
Accounts for the whole of an entity (the system) and its components (subsystems) and the interactions between the PARTS and the WHOLE
what is included in the systems theories?
Health promotion: the McGuill Model Goal attainment: Imogene M.King Systems and stress: Betty Neumen Self -care- Dorthea Orem Adaption- Sister Callista Roy Unitary Human beings: Martha Rogers
Sister Callista Roy
• The client is NOT a behavioral system, but rather an adaptive system
• Viewed as a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with surroundings
Four modes of adaptation:
• Physiological needs
• Self-concept
• Role function
•Interdependence
Martha Rogers
• Client is not a person but an energy field in constant interaction with environment
• Based on interpretations of evolving ideas in physics
• Role of nursing - focus on time-space continuum.
• Objective of nursing- reaching maximum health potential in context of constant change
-change is evolutionary and continuous
Dorthea Orem
Self care
Addressed the ways in which people are responsible for meeting universal self care requisites:
• Sufficient intake of air, water, food
• Balance between activity and rest
• Balance between solitude and interaction
• Providing for elimination processes
• Preventing hazards to life, functioning and well being
• Promoting functioning and growth in social groups.
what was Sigmund Freud’s theory?
Psychoanalytic theory
- a therapeutic process of accessing the unconscious and resolving conflicts that originated in childhood
- not effective treatment for mental disorders, but respected for enhancing maturity and growth
Carl Jung
- analytical psychology
- emphasizes the importance of the individual psyche and the personal quest for wholeness
- Reliable communication between the conscious and the unconscious parts of the psych is necessary for wholeness
How do we apply psychodynamic theories to psych nursing?
interpersonal relationships (reflection on behaviours)
- needs
- anxiety
- defense mechanisms
- transference
- countertransference
what are the humanistic theories?
Client-centered therapy - carl rogers
Gestalt therapy: Frederick S. Perls
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
what is Client centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
- means client leads the conversation and the therapist doesn’t attempt to steer the client in any way
- values unconditional positive regard
what is Gestalt therapy?
Frederick S.Perls
-focuses on insight into gestalts in the patients and their relations to the worlds, and often use role-playing to aid the resolution of past conflicts
what does gestalt mean?
an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sums of its parts
what are behavioral theories?
Pavlovian therapy: classical conditioning
Behaviorism: John B.Watson
B.F skinner- theory of learning
- learning is a function of change in overt behavior.
what are the cognitive theories?
1) social cognitive theory: Albert bandura
- social learning theory: people learn from one another via observation
2) thinking and feeling: Aaron T.Beck
what are the developmental theories?
1) psychosocial development: Erik Erikson
- stage one- trust vs mistrust, stage two- autonomy vs shame…
2) learning in children: Jean Piaget
- sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete stage, formal operations
3) Gender Differentiation: Carol Gilligan
- focuses on change over time
- changes of needs and care
what are the social theories?
1) role theories
- the role the patient plays in the family and community
- where the patient fits in the family
2) sociocultural perspectives
- effects of gender and cultures on mental health
3) assessing family dynamics and planning interventions
what are spiritual theories?
1) Frankl’s logotherapy: focuses on finding the meaning of life, what people strive towards
2) Yalom’s existential psychotherapy
- central life concerns as death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness
what are the biological theories?
1) nature vs nurture
2) genetics
3) neurotransmitters
4) psychoendocrinology
5) biological markers
how does psychoendocrinology affect mental health?
the endocrine system interacts with the brain and alters it
what are biological markers?
- they make meds work better than others
- some meds work better for some people, the same med doesn’t work as good for others
- gene presentation
- used because the longer someone has a mental illness, the more damage is done so it is important to know what medication works best for that specific person
human becoming
rosemarie rizzo parse
