Unit 1 Flashcards
Epi
about or upon
Demos
populace or people
Logos
discoursing, writing, or talking about
Epidemiology
the study of disease in populations, with intention to institute control
List the 4 aims of epidemiology:
describe, explain, predict, control
We are not administering a fixed treatment, and we don’t control the exposure factor (temperature). We are not randomizing the animals.
Observational study
Principle type of epidemiologic study:
observational
What are the main types of observational studies?
cohort, case-control, and prevalence
What is action of primary care:
intended to prevent disease
What is the action of secondary care?
detect disease early with intention to reduce impact
What is the action of tertiary care?
extend/improve life after diagnosis
List the steps of the generalized disease pathway?
induction –> incubation period –> signs
Subjects are randomized to treatment, and receive specific treatments (randomization and control)
true experiments
Like a true experiment except no randomization (control without randomization)
quasi-experiments
Neither randomization nor control; subjects self select their treatment
observational studies
Measures of disease frequency:
rate, risk
What is the simplest measure of epidemiology?
count of cases
What type of frequency are we typically interested in?
relative frequency
Mathematically, what do we commonly use for measuring frequencies?
proportions, ratios, rates
What are the 2 ways to express incidence?
- incidence rate (incidence density)
- cumulative incidence (risk, incidence proportion, attack rate)
A person can be an incident case only:
once
Indicates the movement from Well to Diseased:
Incidence
An expression to describe a change in one quantity with respect to another quantity with the denominator featuring a time component:
rate
Denominators for rates are in:
person-time/animal-time