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Earth And Space Science > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What gas makes up 78% of the air

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

What is weather

A

The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place

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3
Q

How does a thermometer work

A

The Liquids and solids will expand when heated

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4
Q

What is a meteorologist

A

People Who study the daily weather and forecast

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5
Q

99% of the weight in the atmosphere is found with in how many miles

A

The first 20 miles or 32 km Off the surface

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6
Q

What percent of the suns energy is absorbed by earths surface

A

51%

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7
Q

How much of the suns energy is absorbed by the atmosphere

A

19%

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8
Q

How much of the songs energy is reflected back into space

A

30%

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9
Q

Which way do Isotherms over the land bend during the winter

A

Tward the poles

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10
Q

What’s chart would you use to see if there is a danger of frost bite

A

A wind chill chart

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11
Q

Beufort scale

A

This is a scale that determines how fast the wind blows from your observations on land or water

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12
Q

Why and when do temperature of inversions happen

A

They happen because of conduction and on clear dry nights when the temperature drops quickly

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13
Q

When are temperature inversion destroyed

A

Late morning

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14
Q

When is the sun hottest, when is the earth hottest, why are these different

A

The sun is hottest around noon however the hottest time of day is around 3 or 4 o’clock. This is because the ground is still not at its hottest

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15
Q

Define temprature range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures of the day

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16
Q

Why does the stratosphere’s temperature rise with altitude

A

This is because of the presence of ozone

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17
Q

Describe the troposphere

A

This is the lowest layer nearest to the surface this is where gases that are essential to life are this is where weather occurs in temperature increases an increase in altitude This is because the gases absorb very little of the incoming solar radiation instead the ground absorbs this radiation and then heat the tropospheric air by conduction and convection

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18
Q

Describe the stratosphere

A

This layer is found around 31 miles from the surface it is clear dry with study winds very few weather changes this is where jet Aircrafts fly temperature increases with altitude because ozone is heated by radiation from the sun which is warmer than the rest of the air and sits above the denser cooler air

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19
Q

Describe the mesosphere

A

This is a layer that is 51 miles high temperature decreases with an increase of altitude the ionosphere begins here and stretches a poured into the Thermosphere the top portion is known as the meso paws were temperature stays constant

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20
Q

Describe thermosphere

A

Reaches from the meso paws to 310 miles high temperature increases with an increase in altitude this is due to nitrogen and oxygen atoms here absorbing solar energy

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21
Q

Describe the ionosphere

A

Directions from the lower mesosphere to the top of the thermosphere Ions or charged atomic particles are concentrated in this region this is where radio waves are transmitted

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22
Q

What are the two greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide and water vapor

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23
Q

What causes excess carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere

A

The burning of fossil fuel’s

24
Q

Describe the green house affect

A

Greenhouse gases let in the sun‘s UV rays which are longer wavelengths and do not let out this earth infrared energy which is a shorter wavelength Causing the earth to heat up

25
Q

What can we do to stop emitting access carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

A

Stop burning fossil feels and example of this would be using alternative energy sources

26
Q

What can we do to reduce the current amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

Plant more trees

27
Q

What are the three ways heat is transferred in the atmosphere

A

Conduction convection and radiation

28
Q

Name the four reasons why water warms more slowly than land

A

The first reason is because the suns rays penetrate deeper into the water also water spread the heat more easily also some energy is used in evaporation lastly water needs more energy to rise itself 1°

29
Q

What does a falling barometer mean

A

Rainy weather, more clouds stronger winds Warmer. This is because warm air is more spread out causing it to be less dense which also causes the air pressure to go down. Since it is warmer this means more evaporation which means more clouds and more precipitation

30
Q

What is an anemometer

A

This is a device that measures wind speed

31
Q

Wind vane

A

This is a device that measures wind direction

32
Q

Describe why the hottest temperatures can be found as high as 30° North l

A

This is because land heats up faster than water

33
Q

Describe why seabreezes forms

A

This is because during the day the land heats up faster than the water causing high pressure over the water and low pressure over the land and since when does from high-pressure to low-pressure the wind blows from the sea onto the land

34
Q

Describe how local winds form

A

This is because at night the land temperature drops Faster than the water causing high pressure over the land and low pressure of the water and since wind blows from high-pressure to low-pressure the wind blows from Atlanta to the sea

35
Q

Why does air at the poles sink

A

This is because it is cold causing the air to be high pressure

36
Q

What are the standard sea level pressure’s in both millibars and inches

A

101.3 to millibars and 29.92 inches

37
Q

Barograph

A

This is an instrument that measures and records air pressure on a graph

38
Q

Due to the Coriolis effect which way does the wind turn in the northern hemisphere

A

Right

39
Q

Due to the Coriolis affect which way does the wind turn in the southern hemisphere

A

To the left

40
Q

Describe the Coriolis effect

A

Because of earths rotation when’s that blow long distances turn slightly to the right in the northern hemisphere and slightly to the left in the southern hemisphere

41
Q

Describe pressure and what causes air pressure

A

Pressure is force per unit area. Air pressure is created because of the weight of the molecules above

42
Q

Which way does air pressure push

A

Equally in all directions

43
Q

How Wide are isobars on a map

A

930 miles or 1500 km wide

44
Q

Describe isobars

A

Lines on a map that Connect places with the same air pressure

45
Q

Describe isotherms

A

Lines on a map that connect places with the same temperature

46
Q

What are the main two reasons why air pressure changes

A

Temperature and humidity

47
Q

Describe doldrums/ITCZ

A

This is the low pressure equator belt with hot humid air that slowly rises

48
Q

Describe the horse latitudes or subtropical highs

A

High pressure belts with dry air in little wind at 30° latitude

49
Q

Describe the polar highs

A

Very cold and are at 90° latitude and are high pressure

50
Q

Describe the prevailing southwesterlies

A

These are the winds that blow from 30° 60° in the northern hemisphere

51
Q

Describe the prevailing north westerlies

A

This is a wind that blows from 30° to 60° in the southern hemisphere between the horse latitudes and the sub polar Lows

52
Q

Where are the sub polar Lows

A

These are a low pressure belt found at 60°

53
Q

Describe the north and south east trades

A

These are winds that blow from 30° 0° or between horse latitudes and the doldrums

54
Q

Describe the polar easterlies

A

These are winds that blow from 90° to 60°

55
Q

What are the two things we do that Contribute to climate change

A

Burn fossil fuel’s and use CFCs

Earth And Space Science (2 decks)

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