Unit 1

Question 1

William Morton

Answer 1

Dentist.
Invent way to fit dentures.
Delivered the first Ether vaporizer anesthetic in ether dome.
Invented inhaler to administer ether.

Question 2

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Answer 2

A and P professor.

defined anesthesia as “the sleep-like state that makes painless surgery possible”

Question 3

Lister

Answer 3

Fast surgeon with 300% mortality rate.

Developed carbolic acid to clean surgical instruments and OR.

Question 4

Valerius Cordus

Answer 4

Credited for creating and describing diethyl ether.
Mixed ethal alcohol, iron shavings, sulfuric acid, chickens would fall asleep.
Ether has slow onset, lipid soluble, cardiac stable, stimulate respirations.

Question 5

Ether

Answer 5

• slow onset
• lipid soluble
• cardiac stable
• stimulate respirations
• used recreationally

Question 6

Joseph Priestly

Answer 6

Minister and recreational scientist.
Prepared Nitrous Oxide (N20) while looking for fresh air.
Discovered photosynthesis.
Recognized that oxygen was flammable and needed for cellular respiration.

Question 7

Humphrey Davy

Answer 7

Wrote 1st textbook on N2O
“Laughing Gas”
Discovered N2O could be used for pain management.

Question 8

Samuel Colt

Answer 8

Worked in tanning factory.

Sold N2O at traveling show to raise money to patent his colt revolver.

Question 9

Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas

Answer 9

Prepared Chloroform.

Question 10

Chloroform

Answer 10

• more toxic than ether
• decrease respiratory drive
• sensitized the myocardium to epinephrine (cause MI)

Question 11

Crawford Long

Answer 11

Gave first ether anesthetic to remove neck tumor but didn’t publish it.
Amputated 2 of his slaves fingers without anesthetic.

Question 12

Horace Wells

Answer 12

Harvard trained dentist.
Saw man inhale N2O and fall of a stage injuring his leg with no pain.
Used N2O on himself.
Demonstrated N2O that was considered “failure” because patient groaned.
Became addicted to N2O.

Question 13

Edmund Andrews

Answer 13

A and P professor.
Discovered that oxygen needed to be given with N2O.
Body snatching for dissection.

Question 14

Sir James Simpson

Answer 14

Scottish obstetrician.
Defined pain as “an unpleasant sensation caused by actual or potential tissue damage”
Advocated using chloroform for pain in child birth.

Question 15

Dr. John Snow

Answer 15

1st Anesthesiologist.

Gave Queen Victoria chloroform during child birth.

Question 16

Nightingale

Answer 16

Infection and sanitation

Question 17

Pasteur

Answer 17

identified germs as cause of diseases.

Developed germ theory and immunization.

Question 18

Sister Mary Bernard

Answer 18

1st person to graduate from a post-nursing school for anesthesia.

Question 19

Alice Magaw

Answer 19

14000 anesthetics given with no deaths

Question 20

Agatha Hodgins

Answer 20

Started AANA

Question 21

Dr. Edmond Eger

Answer 21

Did all research and development into Modern Concepts of Inhalation Anesthetics (MAC).
Wrote textbooks on how anesthetics work on molecular level.

Question 22

4 components of anesthesia:

Answer 22

• Amnesia
• Analgesia
• Muscle relaxation
• Physiologic homeostasis

Question 23

5 phases of an anesthetic:

Answer 23

• Pre-op
• Induction
• Maintenance
• Emergence
• Post-op

Question 24

Dr. Arthur Guedel

Answer 24

Did “part time anesthesia”
Developed 4 stages of ether anesthesia.
Developed cuffed ETT and oral airway.

Question 25

Stages of anesthesia:

Answer 25

Stage 1: analgesia
Stage 2: delirium
Stage 3: surgical anesthesia (4 planes)
Stage 4: Medullary paralysis

Question 26

Free drug:

Answer 26

unbound
non-ionized
lipid soluble

Question 27

Drugs with high pulmonary uptake:

Answer 27

Fentanyl
Sufentanil
Alfentanil
Meperidine
Lidocaine
Propranolol