Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

MRS C GREN

A
Movement 
Respiration 
Sensitivity 
Cells 
Growth 
Reproduction 
Energy 
Nutrition
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2
Q

Cell theory

A

All organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from preexisting cells
The cell is the smallest living organisational unit

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3
Q

Types of microscopes

A

Light microscope

Electron microscope

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4
Q

Common cell features

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

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5
Q

Two cell types

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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6
Q

2 domains for prokaryotes

A

Bacteria and archaea

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7
Q

Domain for all eukaryotes

A

Eukarya

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8
Q

Kingdoms for eukaryotes

A

Protista, plantae, fungi, Animalia

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesises proteins

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains hereditary information and controls cells actions (membrane-bound)

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11
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Processes and modifies proteins (membrane-bound)

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Processes and packages proteins (membrane-bound)

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13
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digests cellular waste material and foreign matter (membrane-bound)

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14
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesises lipids (membrane-bound)

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15
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Obtains energy from organic compounds, site of cellular respiration (membrane-bound)

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A

Uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose, site of photosynthesis only found in plant cells (membrane-bound)

17
Q

Centriole

A

Involved in cell division and the formation of cell structure such as flagella and cilia

18
Q

Cilium or flagellum

A

Motility, Movement of substances across cell surface

19
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores substances, also involved in cell structure in plant cells (membrane-bound)

20
Q

Plastid

A

Synthesis and stores various organic molecule (membrane-bound)

21
Q

Cell wall

A

Cell structure and protection only found in plant cells (membrane-bound)

22
Q

Phospholipids

A

A molecule that consists of a long-chain fatty-acid tails (hydrophobic = water repelling) and a phosphate head (hydrophilic = water attracting)

23
Q

Cholesterol

A

Membranes contain fatty molecule between phospholipid heads to give membrane stability without affecting fluidity

24
Q

Membrane carbohydrates

A

Play a key role in cell recognition

25
Q

Membrane proteins

A

Determined membranes specific functions

Peripheral, integral and transmembrane proteins

26
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Substance moves across membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration (passive transport)

27
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Because the memebrane is impermeable to some particles (ions or molecules), Chanel proteins and Carrier proteins allow substances to move from a high to low concentration along the concentration gradient

28
Q

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

A

Requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient

29
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water from high-concentration to low concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane