Unit 1 Flashcards
MRS C GREN
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Cells Growth Reproduction Energy Nutrition
Cell theory
All organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from preexisting cells
The cell is the smallest living organisational unit
Types of microscopes
Light microscope
Electron microscope
Common cell features
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes
Two cell types
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
2 domains for prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea
Domain for all eukaryotes
Eukarya
Kingdoms for eukaryotes
Protista, plantae, fungi, Animalia
Ribosomes
Synthesises proteins
Nucleus
Contains hereditary information and controls cells actions (membrane-bound)
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Processes and modifies proteins (membrane-bound)
Golgi apparatus
Processes and packages proteins (membrane-bound)
Lysosomes
Digests cellular waste material and foreign matter (membrane-bound)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises lipids (membrane-bound)
Mitochondrion
Obtains energy from organic compounds, site of cellular respiration (membrane-bound)
Chloroplast
Uses light energy, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose, site of photosynthesis only found in plant cells (membrane-bound)
Centriole
Involved in cell division and the formation of cell structure such as flagella and cilia
Cilium or flagellum
Motility, Movement of substances across cell surface
Vacuole
Stores substances, also involved in cell structure in plant cells (membrane-bound)
Plastid
Synthesis and stores various organic molecule (membrane-bound)
Cell wall
Cell structure and protection only found in plant cells (membrane-bound)
Phospholipids
A molecule that consists of a long-chain fatty-acid tails (hydrophobic = water repelling) and a phosphate head (hydrophilic = water attracting)
Cholesterol
Membranes contain fatty molecule between phospholipid heads to give membrane stability without affecting fluidity
Membrane carbohydrates
Play a key role in cell recognition
Membrane proteins
Determined membranes specific functions
Peripheral, integral and transmembrane proteins
Simple diffusion
Substance moves across membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration (passive transport)
Facilitated diffusion
Because the memebrane is impermeable to some particles (ions or molecules), Chanel proteins and Carrier proteins allow substances to move from a high to low concentration along the concentration gradient
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient
Osmosis
Diffusion of water from high-concentration to low concentration of water across a semi-permeable membrane
