Unit 1 Flashcards
Where are protons found?
• In the nucleus
What is the mass of a proton and it’s charge?
• Positive charge and a mass of 1
Where are neutrons found?
• In the nucleus
What is the mass of a neutron and it’s charge?
• Neutral charge and a mass of 1
Where are electrons found?
• Outside of the nucleus in the electron shells
What is the mass of an electron and it’s charge?
• Negative charge and a mass of 0
Why are atoms neutral?
• Atoms are neutral because the number of positively charged protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons.
What is an isotope?
• Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number (same element) but different mass number.
What is ionic bonding?
- Usually between metals and non-metals
* Only found in compounds
What is covalent bonding?
- Usually between non-metals
* Found in both elements and compounds
What is metallic bonding?
- Between metals
* Found only in elements
What’s are ions?
• Ions are charged particles
Shape of molecules
- Linear
- Angular
- Trigonal pyramidal
- Tetrahedral
When does Ionic Molecules conduct?
•only in solution or molten
Ionic Molecules are only attracted between….
•Positive and negative ions
What is oxidation?
•Is the term given to the process of losing electrons
What is Reduction?
•Is the term given to the process of gaining electrons
What is a Redox Reduction?
•Is when both a reduction and an oxidation reaction take place
What is OIL RIG?
•Oxidation it loss Reduction is gain
Acid contain more _____ ions
H+
Alkali contain more _____ ions
OH-
What’s the formula for Hydrochloric Acid?
HCl
What’s the formula for Sulfuric Acid?
H SO
2 4
lWhat’s the formula for Nitric Acid?
HNO
3
Alkali equation for Neutralisation?
• Acid + Alkali
Salt + Water
Metal Oxide equation for Neutralisation?
•Acid + Metal oxide
=
Salt + Water
Metal Carbonate equation for Neutralisation?
• Acid + Metal Carbonate
=
Salt + Water +
Carbon Dioxide
Metal equation for Neutralisation?
•Acid + Metal
Salt+Hydrogen Gas
What does a Neutraliser do?
•Moves the pH of an acid or an alkali towards pH7
What is a base?
•Is a substance that neutralises an acid.
