Unit 1 Flashcards
The view about him changed dramatically en the 20th century from grave hero to racist villain
Cristopher Columbus
The most important event of 15th century
Columbus’ voyage
Other significant events of the 15th century
1 Last major nomadic invasion (Turkic warrior Timur)
2 Russia’s empire-building began
3 The Renaissance took over European culture
4 Chinese fleet explored Indian Ocean, then stopped
5 Islamic Ottoman Empire crushed Constantinople
6 Spanish Christians “re conquered” Iberia from Muslims
7 Aztec/Inca Empires shined brightly like a meteor, then were swallowed by Europe’s imperialism
Paleolithic groups in 1400’s
Australia, Siberia, Arctic Coasts, parts of Africa and Americas
Paleolithic. 250 groups, Had some cultural practices from outsiders. Agriculture. Fire stick Farming.
Australia
Controlled burns to make hunting easier
Fire stick farming
Chinookan, Tulalip. Skagit peoples. Complex hunting/gathering cultures. 300 edible animal species (salmon)
Northwest Coast, North America
Differences between Australia and elsewhere
(Elsewhere) Permanent villages, large homes, economic specialization, slavery, chiefdoms, ranked society, storage of food
Fully agricultural, but not Empires and not part of city-based societies
Agricultural Village Societies
Two examples of agricultural village societies
Igbo in West Africa and Iroquois in eastern North America
Igbo and Iroquois victims of…
Burgeoning empires
A stateless society. No kings. Title societies with balance of power in kinship groups. Traded with kingdom of Songhai. Changed to patrilineal system. Transatlantic slave trade altered their lives.
Igbo
Recently agricultural. Frequently warfare among tribes.
Iroquois
Warfare triggered political innovation
An alliance among 5 Iroquois-speaking tribes (5Nations)
Clear gender equality in Iroquois society
Women selected political leaders
Nomadic group that controlled Persia in the 15th century
Pastoral people’s
Turkic warrior that attacked Russia, Persia, India in the 1400s
Timer
Ancient Chinese civilization was disrupted by century of…
Mongol rule
Chinese civilizations had a smaller population because of the
Plague
China recovered in…
Mint Dynasty
Emperor Yongle
Sponsored massive Encyclopedia.
Relocated capital to Beijing.
Built forbidden city and Temple of Heaven.
China “turned back the clock” culturally to…
Confucian learning
Chin’s exam system was…
Renewed
Who commissioned an enormous fleet from Chinese dynasty
Emperor Yongle
The Chinese voyages went throughout…
The Indian and Pacific Oceans
The Chinese voyages were captained by…
A Muslim eunuch named Zheng He
Why does ness voyages stopped?
Death of Yongle
Fleet seen as waste of resources
Danger from Northern nomads
Voyages viewed as project of eunuchs
Which were the Chinese voyages goals?
To gather states into China’s tribute system
Bring order to the world
DID NOT TRY TO CONQUER OR SPREAD CULTURE
Similarity between China and Europe in the 14th century
Recovering from the Plague
Differences between China and Europe in the state building
China was centralized while Europe was fragmented
China didn’t have wars while Europe had the Hundred Years War
Where started Europe’s Renaissance?
Italy
Fostered a new era in art literature politics…
Renaissance
The renaissance brought Europe back in contact with the original…
Greco-Roman world
Who where the heroes of the European Renaissance?
Painters, sculptors, humanists…
Wrote The Prince, prescription for political success in real world of Italy’s city-states
Niccolo Machiavelli
Which were Niccolo Machiavelli’s two main phrases
Much safer to be feared than loved.
The end justifies the means
Daughter of Venice official, lived mostly in Paris. Anti-misogyny in writings.
Wrote in City of Ladies that women deserved equal education.
Christine de Pizan
Key trait of Renaissance
More focus on worldly affairs than religious truth.
The dawn of commercial explosion and capitalist economy
Where did the European exploration start?
Portugal- Columbus leaving Spain arrive to the Americas
Vasco da Gama rounded Africa and made it to India
Both in the 15th century
A positive consequence for Columbus mistake
Opened the door for massive Spanish colonization of the New World
How many ships did Columbus have?
3- La Niña, La Pinta y la Santa Maria
Crew of 90 people
What were Europe motivations in their voyages?
Wanted wealth (gold), goods, land, Christian converts
What were China’s motivation for their voyages?
They needed no allies, had no unifying religion, wanted no “colonies”. (They led nowhere)
Which was China and Europe common problem?
Growing population and land shortage
China expanded by land
Europe by oceanic expansion
Which were the new four Islamic states?
Ottoman Empire,
Which was the most powerful of the four Empires?
The Ottoman Empire
Which parts did the Ottoman Empire occupy?
Anatolian peninsula and SE Europe
Where did the Ottoman Empire extended after?
Middle East/N Africa
How were the Ottomans called after taking Constantinople?
The terror of the Turk
Which was the Ottoman’s official religion?
Sunni
Which was the Safavid’s official religion?
Shia
Where was the Safavid Empire located?
Persia
Songhay Empire urban elite city
Timbuktu
Which Empire became the major center of Islamic learning and commerce?
Songhay Empire
The Mughal Empire represented interactions between which two civilizations?
Islamic and Hindu civilizations
Which peninsula did the Mughals controlled?
Indian peninsula
What positive consequences did the 4 Empires bring to the Islamic world?
Political coherence, military power, economic prosperity, cultural brilliance
Transformed from fishing village to major Muslim port-city. City known from “rough behavior”
Malacca
Which was the Aztec empire’s capital city?
Tenochtitlan
