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Med Vet Ent > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how do arthropods impact health

A

direct injury, allergies to venom, mental stress, parasitism, disease transmission (direct or mechanical)

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2
Q

characteristics of arthropods

A

body segmented, paired appendages, bilateral symmetry, chitonous exoskeleton, tubular alimentary canal, open circulatory system, body cavity, striated skeletal muscles, excretion through malphigian tubules, respiration by trachea and spiracles

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3
Q

characteristics of insecta

A

3 body regions, 3 pairs of thoracic appendages

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4
Q

important orders of insects

A

Pthraptera (lice), Siphonaptera (fleas), Diptera (mosquitoes), Hemiptera (bugs)

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5
Q

host

A

animal infected with pathogen

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6
Q

vector

A

organism that conveys pathogen

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7
Q

parasite

A

organism living on host

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8
Q

exctoparasite

A

arthropod living on another animal

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9
Q

obligate parasite

A

complete dependence on host

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10
Q

facultative parasite

A

all or some life stages can be free living

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11
Q

2 types of arthropod development

A

hemimetabolous (looks the same) holometabolous (complete metamorphosis)

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12
Q

4 classes of vector borne pathogens

A

virus, bacteria, protozoa, helminth (nematodes)

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13
Q

what is a virus

A

lack components for independent replication, symmetrical capsid

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14
Q

arbovirus

A

arthropod borne virus (100 cause human illness)

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15
Q

important orders of viruses

A

Togaviridae (alphaviruses - CHIKV, EEE, VEE, WEE), Bunyaviridae (bunyaviruses and phleboviruses - RVF), Flaviviridae (flaviviruses - DEN, WNV, ZIKV, JE, SLE, YF)

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16
Q

heatophagy

A

blood feeding

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17
Q

telmophagy

A

pool feeding

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18
Q

solenophagy

A

penetration feeding

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19
Q

two theories for evolution of blood feeding

A

prolonged close association (barklice), morphological preadaptation

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20
Q

two theories for evolution of blood feeding

A

prolonged close association (barklice), morphological pre-adaptation

21
Q

how is blood digested

A

mechanically (spines, cibarial armature), chemical lysis, peritrophic membrane

22
Q

host specific modifications in arthropods

A

flattening to slip into cracks,small to be stealthy, moutparts to pierce/suck, reduction of eyes/antennae

23
Q

host specific modifications in arthropods

A

flattening to slip into cracks,small to be stealthy, mouthparts to pierce/suck, reduction of eyes/antennae

24
Q

avoiding host defenses

A

feeding at less sensitive or accessible sites,

25
Q

host-pathogen adaptation

A

parasites congregate at sites which give them optimal chance of encountering a vector, produce large numbers, periodicity to occur with vector timing, production of illness/high fever, alter vector behavior, alter enzyme production (malaria reduce feeding efficiency and increase probing time)

26
Q

entomophobia

A

a fear of insects despite recognition that the fear is irrational

27
Q

delusory parasitosis

A

false belief that live organisms are present in the skin

28
Q

direct injury

A

itches, blood loss, sores physical nuisance (Immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity)

29
Q

epi triad

A

host, vector, pathogen, environment

30
Q

incidence rate

A

new cases per unit time/number of people that could be affects

31
Q

prevalence

A

cases in an area

32
Q

EIR

A

entomological inoculation rate (# of invective bites per unit time) = mas m=abundance per person per night, a=bite rate, s=sporozoite rate

33
Q

Vectorial capacity

A

ma^2vp^n/-lnp m=vecotr to human ratio, a=blood meals per vector per day, v=vector competence, p=daily survival probability, n=extrinsic incubation period

34
Q

Vectorial capacity

A

ma^2vp^n/-lnp m=vector to human ratio, a=blood meals per vector per day, v=vector competence, p=daily survival probability, n=extrinsic incubation period

35
Q

process of epidemiological investigations

A

person place and time (who where and when does the disease occur), ID of unusual cases, patient interviews, reconstruction of events, diagnoses of source of infection

36
Q

endemic

A

habitual presence of a disease in an area

37
Q

epidemic

A

disease in excess of normal

38
Q

pandemic

A

worldwide epidemic

39
Q

zoonoses/epizootic

A

epi-disease on non humans, zoonoses=primariliy animals with humans as sometimes secondary hosts

40
Q

zoonoses/epizootic

A

ep0zootic=-disease on non humans, zoonoses=primarily animals with humans as sometimes secondary hosts

41
Q

host factors

A

age, immune status, nutrition, genetics, culture

42
Q

pathogen factors

A

strain, virulence, resistance

43
Q

vector factors

A

feeding behavior, survival, abundance, competence

44
Q

environmental factors

A

climate, altitude, landscape

45
Q

vector competence

A

ability to become infected (infect mosquitoes, pathogen replicates, mosquito can reinfect healthy

46
Q

MIR

A

minimum infection rate, # infected positive pools/1000 individuals tested

47
Q

DALY

A

disability adjusted life year

48
Q

vector incrimination

A

biological co-occurance, association in time and space, vector harbors infective pathogfen, efficient transmission

49
Q

vector incrimination

A

biological association, association in time and space, vector harbors infective pathogen, efficient transmission

Med Vet Ent (1 decks)

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