Unit 1 Flashcards
Canon
> list of books someone has evaluated and stated they belong
Hebrew (3)
Catholics/Protestants (4)
Orthodox (4)
Pentateuch
> first five books in Bible
TaNak
> name of Jewish Bible
Vulgate
> earliest Latin translation
>language of common people
Deuterocanonical/Apocryphal
> 1546: Catholic Church included these extra 7 books
Revelation
> the divine or supernatural disclosure to humans of something relating to human existence or the world
Torah
> first five books in Hebrew Bible
Targum
> an ancient Aramaic paraphrase or interpretation of the Hebrew Bible
Inspiration
> advisement on scriptures from God
Septuagint
> early Greek translation
>longer than Jewish canon
Tradition
> the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way
Part One: What is the Bible?
> different writers impose their own perspective
originally mostly in Hebrew
historical/scientific errors
limited by human speech
What is the Bible?
> God’s self revelation
desire for deeper relationship
read to counter God
Hebrew Bible
> Torah, Nevi ‘em, Ketubim
Jewish Bible called TaNak
Excluded books they thought were not originally in Hebrew or written too late
Christian Bible
> Pentateuch, Prophets, Wisdom, Writings, History (from Nevi ‘em and Ketubim)
Wisdom writings before Prophets
Hebrew Names vs. Christian Names
(A) Torah (first five)- Pentateuch - Law - instructions
History - History - Historical Narrative
(B) Nevi ‘em - Prophets - Prophets
(C) Ketubim - Wisdom Writings - Writing
(c) Proverbs predict consequence of an act because of order
The Old Testament
> “ANE” means “Ancient Near East”
Israel- buffer land and trade routes (taxes)
Old Testament - Hebrew
New Testament - Greek
Formal Equivalence
Kinds of Translations
> word for word
sounds choppy
Dynamic Equivalence
Kinds of Translations
> meaning for meaning
sounds nice to read
Paraphrases
Kinds of Translations
> adds thoughts not directly in Bible
Hebrew Language
>different alphabet >reads right to left >not like modern Hebrew >no vowels >no verb tenses
Mazeridic Text
> uses dots under to note vowels
Divisions in the Canon
> books didn’t come about at same time
people scattered, Hebrew forgotten, translated to Greek
Torah and Prophets are same in all
Writings includes books not in all versions
AD - BC
BCE - CE
Translations Chart
Hebrew - Greek (NEW) - Latin (OLD) - English (Roman Catholic)
Hebrew - German (Protestant)
Disapora
> Jewish scattering outside Holy Land (Israel)
Divine Revelation
> God showing himself to humanity
>enter into deeper relationship
Event
Canon Chart
> happens in history
communal event
reveals God
ex. Exodus
Story of Event
Canon Chart
> oral culture
gathers community
people re-experience event
community carefully guards stories
Written Tradition
Canon Chart
> thought to be around King David
>1000 BC
Edited Tradition
Canon Chart
> sometimes reinterpreted when new knowledge arrives
Canonical Account
Canon Chart
> sets books into stone
Fertile Crescent
> desert causes dependency on rain
Yahweh
> “J”
favors David
prefers South
Elohim
> “E”
doesn’t favor David
prefers North
Editors of Old Testament
Specifically Torah
Documentary Hypothesis > J = Yahwist >E = Elohist >J-E = combined >D = Deuteronomist >P = Priestly
Loose Federation
> 12 tribes
unified idea about God
no king
Saul
> mostly a general instead of kingly role
Solomon’s Reign
> expanded
not popular
projects = taxes
North and South Split
> North is later wiped out by Assyrians
>South has stories from North included in their text
Deuteronomists
> realize being in Holy Land was dependent on obedience to God
Priestly
> writes Preface
ritualistic
priestly rules
justification
