Unit 1 Flashcards
The study of how children grow in different ways Physically Intellectually Emotionally Socially
Child development
A way of acting and responding that is common at each stage of childhood
Typical behavior
Any activity that arouses a baby’s senses
Stimulation
Biological transfer of certain characteristics from earlier generations
Heredity
The people, places, things that surround and influence a person Family Home School Community
Environment
Believed that the personality developes through stages
Adult life is affected by childhood experiences
Significance= childhood is more important and longer lasting than we thought
Sigmund Freud
First to study children scientifically
Focused on how children learn
Children go through 4 stages of learning
Significance= learning tasks should be age and level of development appropriate
Jean Piaget
Biological development and cultural experiences influence children’s ability to learn
Social interaction is important for intellectual development
Significance= children should have the opportunity to socialize with kids their own age
Len Vygotsky
Personality developes in stages
Each stage has a crisis
Crisis handled positively then development occurs normally
Significance= parents should be aware of the children’s needs during each stage and support them through the crisis
Erik erickson
If children act a certain way and something good happens then they will keep doing that action but if the result is bad then the action will stop
Significance= parents can affect a child’s behavior through positive and negative feedback
B. F skinner
Outlined layers of environment that affects child’s development
Significance= relationship with parents should be stable, loving, lasting
Urie bronfenbrenner
Children learn through imitation
Environment shapes behavior
Behavior affects the environment
Significance= parents should set good examples for kids to follow
Albert Bandura
To rely on personal opinions and feelings rather than facts to judge an event
Subjective
Something is factual, leaves aside personal feelings and prejudices
Objective
A record of everything observed for a set period
Running record
A report of a child’s actions that concentrates on a specific behavior or area of development
Anecdotal record
A tally of how often a certain behavior occurs
Frequency count
A list of skills or behaviors kids should show at a certain age
Developmental checklist
Analysis an observer forms and expresses about what was observed
Interpretation
The protection of another person’s privacy by limiting access to personal information
Confidentiality
The process of caring for children and helping them to grow and develop
Parenting
Your beliefs and values about sexual behavior
Sexuality
Chemical in the body that controls the changes that occur as teens become sexually mature
Hormones
The decision to not have sex
Abstinence
Sexually transmitted infections
Stis
An adoption in which the birth parents don’t know anything about the adoptive parents
Confidential adoption
An adoption where the birth parents and adoptive parents know some things about each other
Open adoption
Image making Nurturing Authority Interpretive Interdependent Departure
Galinsky’s stages of parenthood
Includes a mom, dad, at least one child
Nuclear family
Either a mom or dad and at least one kid
Single parent family
Family that is formed when a person marries a person and there are kids
Blended family
Includes mom and or dad, at least one kid, and relative
Extended family
Authoritarian
Assertive- democratic
Permissive
3 parenting styles
Using firmness and understanding to help children learn how to behave
Guidance
The ability of children to control their own behavior
Self discipline
A response that encourages a particular behavior
Positive reinforcement
Response that encourages a behavior to stop
Negative reinforcement
Couple stage Expanding stage Developing stage Launching stage Middle stage Retirement stage
Family life cycle
Marriage
Adoption
Abortion
Single parenthood
Options for teen parents
Pregnancy
Begin to imagine themselves as parents
Image making
Birth to age two
Become emotionally attached to child
Nurturing
Age two years to 4-5 years
Determine rules
Clarify authority
Authority
Ages 4-5 to age 13
Rethink role as parents
Decide what knowledge, skills, values kids need
Interpretive
Adolescence
Establish boundaries
Find disciplinary methods
Interdependent
Child leaves home
Evaluate parenting
Departure
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Piaget’s stages
Birth to 2 years
Understands 5 senses
Sensorimotor
2-7 years
Understands through language
Preoperational
7-11 years
Understands other view points
Concrete operational
11- adult
Understands abstract thinking
Formal operational
Trust vs mistrust Autonomy vs doubt Initiative vs guilt Industry vs inferiority Identity vs role confusion
Erik erikson’s stages
Birth to 18 months
Learns to trust parents
Trust vs mistrust
18 months- 3 years
Learns to be independent
Autonomy vs doubt
4-6 years
Learns to think independently
Intiative vs guilt
7-12 years
Learns to think about others
Industry vs inferiority
12-18 years
Combines previous learning into identity
Identity vs role confusion
Physiological Safety and security Love and belonging Esteem Self actualization
Maslow hierarchy of needs
Emotional maturity Health considerations Financial considerations Resource management skills Parenting skills
Parenthood readiness
89% of teens
Are unmarried
50% of teen parents get a high school diploma by age
22
1.5 graduate from colleges by
30
80% of teen parents end up on
Welfare
1 in 5 people
Have stis
