Unit 1 Flashcards
Explain the Money Market and the type of securities it provides.
Open-ended mutual fund that invests in short-term debt securities.
- The NAV is set at $1 per share.
- Certificates of deposit (CDs)
- Commercial paper
- U.S. Treasuries
- Bankers’ acceptances
- Repurchase agreements
Define Income Funds
Mutual funds, ETFs or any other type of fund that seek to generate an income stream for shareholders by investing in securities that offer dividends or interest payments. The funds can hold bonds, preferred stock, common stock or even real estate investment trusts (REITs).
What does ETF mean?
Exchange Traded Fund
What is a Municipal Bond?
A debt security issued by a state, municipality or county to finance its capital expenditures.
- Construction of highways, bridges or schools.
- They are exempt from federal taxes and from most state and local taxes, making them especially attractive to people in high income tax brackets.
General Obligation Bond - GO
A municipal bond backed by the credit and taxing power of the issuing jurisdiction rather than the revenue from a given project.
GO Bonds are issued with the belief that a municipality will be able to repay its debt obligation through taxation or revenue from projects. No assets are used as collateral.
Name 3 types of Municipal Bond?
- General Obligation (GO) Bonds
- Revenue Bonds
- Industrial Development Revenue
Name the only Municipal bond backed by taxes, therefore they are the safest
General Obligation
Go Bonds
What type of bond is backed by the revenue generated from a public project (ex. tolls from highways)
Revenue Bonds (Municipal Bonds)
What type of bonds are backed by the revenue from a PRIVATE project (ex. Yankee Stadium)
Industrial Development Revenue (Municipal Bonds)
When a Corporation folds, liquidates, goes Bankrupt, name the hierarchy of what gets paid.
W = wages T = taxes S = secured debt G = general obligations D = debentures (unsecured debt) S = subordinated debt P = preferred stock C = common stock
Name the 4 Preferred Stock Options
- Callable
- Convertible
- Cumulative
- Straight
Complete this sentence:
The greater the risk…
The greater the possible reward AND possible loss.
Name the market the most popular securities are sold in
- Primary Market
2. Secondary Market
How are securities sold in the Secondary Market?
- Over the Counter (OTC)
2. Stock Exchange
Describe Bonds
- A form of DEBT
- A bond is nothing more than a loan
- Usually pays interest
- Purchased for Income
Describe Stock Securities
- Grant ownership (EQUITY)
- Only issued by corporations
- May pay dividends
- May have voting rights
- Purchased for either Growth or Income
What type of investments:
- Seek capital appreciation.
- Only REALIZED when the security is sold
- Purchased to hedge against inflation
- Associated with Common Stock
Growth
What type of investments:
- Provide CURRENT income
- Investor knows in advance how much will be received
- No inflation protection
Income
What type of stock is:
- Purchased for INCOME
- Grants ownership
- NO voting rights
- May pay a dividend in cash ONLY
- Less Volatile
Preferred Stock
What type of stock is:
- Purchased for GROWTH
- Grants ownership
- Has voting rights
- May pay a dividend in cash or additional stock
- More Volatile
Common Stock
What are the 4 Classifications of Stock?
- Authorized – The total number of shares that a company is authorized to sell
- Issued – Authorized shares that have been sold
- Treasury Stock – Issued shares that have been repurchased by the company
Treasury stock is NOT a government security- Treasury stock does not vote nor does it receive dividends
- Outstanding – Issued stock currently held by investors
What type of security:
- Is purchased for Growth (Capital Appreciation)
- “Buys low and sells high”
- ONLY investment that can outpace inflation
- Will NEVER have Credit Risk
Common Stock
With Common Stock, a stockholder may have what type of vote?
Cumulative or Statutory
What type of vote allows does this example demonstrate:
- An investor owns 1000 shares
- There are five candidates running for three seats open on the board to be voted on
- The investor may cast 1000 shares for each of the three seats
Statutory (Regular)
What type of vote allows does this example demonstrate:
- An investor owns 1000 shares
- There are five candidates running for three seats open on the B.O.D.
- The investor can cast 3000 votes for one candidate
- Advantageous for small shareholders
Cumulative
What allows American investors to purchase foreign stocks traded on foreign exchanges
American Depositary Receipt (ADR)
What is purchased for income and has a par value of $100
Preferred Stock
If you have 4% Preferred Stock, how much will receive per quarter in dividends, or per year
$1.00 per quarter in dividends, or 4.00 per year
What is the The Ex-Dividend date
The first day that an investor can purchase the stock and NOT get the dividend
- Sold to EXISTING shareholders at a BELOW MARKET price to maintain proportionate ownership
- Short term (30-45 days)
Rights
Gives the buyer the opportunity to EITHER buy or sell a stock in the future Medium term (9 months)
Options
- Usually attached a sweetener to another security from the same issuer. Allows the buyer to purchase stock at a set price in the future
- Longer term (years)
Warrants
The buyer of a call option believes the price of the stock will go UP. This investor is considered…
Bullish
The seller of a call option believes the price of the stock will go DOWN. This investor is considered…
Bearish
This security is a form of debt. The investor is lending the issuer money.
Bonds
What is the par value of a bond?
$1000
Bonds typically pay interest how often?
Semi-Annually
How do you calculate the Annual Interest on a bond?
Coupon rate x Par = Annual Interest
These securities are defined by the issuer, the duration and the credit rating
Bonds
Name 4 types of bonds
- U.S. Treasury (Safest type of debt)
- Agency issues
- Municipal Bonds
- Corporate Bonds
This security are a FIXED investment and there is typically no protection against inflation
Bonds
With bonds, when interest rates go up
Prices go down and vice versa
Bonds are priced in POINTS. Each point is worth how much?
$10
If a bond is quoted with a price of 100, it would be selling at how many points?
100 points x 10 = $1000 (par)
If a bond is quoted with a price of 90, it would be selling at how many points?
90 points = $900
A bond priced at a DISCOUNT will sell below par
If a bond is quoted with a price of 1050, it would be selling at how many points?
105 points = $1050
A bond priced at a PREMIUM will sell above par
Define Nominal yield
The interest rate printed on the preferred stock certificate or bond indenture. This will never change and reflects the amount of income the investor will receive in a year
The annual income divided by the current market price
Current Yield
The annualized return if the bondholder keeps the bond until it matures. It will ALWAYS move in the same directed as current yield
Yield to Maturity
Define Treasury Stock
Treasury Stock is issued shares that have been repurchased by the company.
- It is NOT a government security
- It does not vote nor does it receive dividends
What risks do Preferred Stock present?
Risks include:
- Interest Rate risk
- Inflation (purchasing power) risk
What is the Annual Income of a 5% bond selling at $1000?
5% x $1000 (PAR) = $50 Annual Income
What is the Current Yield of a 5% bond selling at $1000
$50 Annual Income / $1000 (Market Value) = 5% Current Yield
What is the Annual Income of a 5% bond selling at $1100?
5% bond selling at $1000 (Market Value) has a current yield of 5%
- 5% x $1000 (PAR) = $50 Annual Income
- $50 Annual Income / $1000 (Market Value) = 5% CY
What is the Current Yield of a 5% bond selling at $1100
CY = 4.55%
1. 5% x $1000 (PAR) = $50 Annual Income
$50 Annual Income / $1100 (Market Value) = 4.55% CY
5% bond selling at $1100 has a current yield of 4.55%
Name the 4 U.S. Treasury Securities
Treasury B.N.B TIPS
- Treasury Bills (Maturity less than 1 year)
- Treasury Notes (2-10 year maturity)
- Treasury Bonds (10-30 year maturity)
- TIPS - Treasury Inflation Protection Security
Name the 2 Bond Securities that are Agency Issues
- Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) or GNMA
- Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
Which Agency Issued Security is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Gov’t.
Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)
Which security would you recommend for investors in high tax brackets
Municipal Bonds
- The only reason to recommend is for tax purposes
- The income is exempt from federal ordinary income tax
- They are appropriate for investors in high tax brackets
Which Securities risks are based on credit rating
Corporate Bonds
What does it mean when a bonds risks is Speculative
- It credit rating is low (BB or lower)
- Its RISKY and will have a higher coupon rate than AAA-BBB
What type of bond is ideal for someone who does not need current income, but needs to know what amount will be received at maturity
Zero Coupon Bond
What type of Bond is Price is so stable, you can write checks against it
Money Market
Who is tasked with managing the money supply to control inflation.
Federal Reserve Board
What is the Discount Rate
The discount rate is set by the Federal Reserve Board to designate the rate at which member banks can borrow from the Fed.
What is the Fed Funds Rate
A rate charged by member banks lending overnight to other banks. This is the MOST volatile rate as it changes DAILY
What is the Prime Rate
A rate charged by banks to their most creditworthy customers
What is the Broker Call Loan Rate
A rate charged to broker/dealers for margin accounts
What is the minimum face amount of a negotiable CD is:
Negotiable CDs are issued in the minimum face amount of $100,000. These are called jumbo CDs and are typically traded in blocks of $1 million.
When interests rates drop what happens to the prices and yield
When interest rates drop, prices will rise, decreasing effective yield.
When the yield is higher than the coupon, it means the bond was purchased at a discount or at premium
When the yield is higher than the coupon, it means the bond was purchased at a discount
How long must an economic decline continue before it is classified as a depression?
If a decline in the GDP persists for six or more quarters and is accompanied by high unemployment, the economy is said to have entered a depression.
An investor purchased a corporate bond for 97. If the bond is sold for 99, the investor has a profit of
This investor has a profit of two points, or $20. Bond points are worth $10 each. The actual dollar prices of the bonds are computed as follows: 97 = 97 % of par (or 97 points) = $970, 99 = 99% of par (or 99 points) = $990.
When the Current Yield (CY) is below the Nominal Yield, this is considered selling .
This is considered selling at a PREMIUM.
