Unit 1

Question 1

Biotechnology

Answer 1

The application of scientific and technical advances in the life sciences to develop commercial products for specific use

(foods, medicines, textiles)

Question 2

Agronomy

Answer 2

The science of agriculture that deals with large scale crop production and soil management

Question 3

Horticulture

Answer 3

The science of plant cultivation on a smaller scale

Greenhouse, garden

Question 4

Plant Propagation

Answer 4

The process of creating new plants from a variety of sources

(seeds, cuttings, bulbs, and other plant parts)

Question 5

Endemic

Answer 5

The state of being unique to a geographic location

A plant that is endemic to Hawaii grows naturally there and is not found anywhere else in the world

Question 6

Indigenous

Answer 6

The state of growing naturally in a geographic region or location

(A plant is indigenous to Hawaii if it grows naturally there, even if it also grows naturally in other parts of the world)

Question 7

Cultivar

Answer 7

A plant or group of plants selected for its desirable characteristics that can be maintained by propagation

(Roses selected for their color, or food plants for their yield)

Question 8

Heritage Seed or Plant

Answer 8

Also known as an heirloom plant, it is a cultivar commonly grown in past years but not used in modern large-scale agriculture

Question 9

Germination

Answer 9

The growth of a sprout from seed

Question 10

Venation

Answer 10

The arrangement of veins traversing the leaf of a plant. It can be netted (or diffused) or it can be parallel (or lateral).

Question 11

Adventitious

Answer 11

Added or appearing accidentally or unexpectedly. A plant sometimes develops adventitious roots that come from unusual plant parts such as leaves or stem.

Question 12

Pollination

Answer 12

The process of transferring plant pollen to a plant stigma which results in the fertilization of a plant ovum.

Question 13

Heterosis

Answer 13

When hybrid plants are stronger than either parent variety.

Question 14

7 Main Classifications/Taxonomical Ranks

Answer 14

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 15

Root Functions

Answer 15

Anchorage
Absorption of water
Extra storage of food

Question 16

Primary Root

Answer 16

The first root formed when a plant starts to grow

Question 17

Radicle

Answer 17

Part of the seed embryo

Question 18

Types Of Root Systems

Answer 18

Fibrous or lateral roots

Taproots

Adventitious roots

Question 19

Fibrous Or Lateral Roots

Answer 19

Numerous, long, slender lateral (sideways) roots of about the same size.

Ex. Grasses and grains

Question 20

Taproots

Answer 20

A well developed primary root that gives rise to smaller lateral roots

Ex. Carrots, radishes, beets

Question 21

Adventitious Roots

Answer 21

Arise from other plant organs such as stems and leaves

Ex. Strawberries produce runners (stolons)

Question 22

If a plant has a very evident primary root…

Answer 22

It is likely a dicot plant (having a seed with 2 cotyledons)

Ex. Beans

Question 23

If a plant has fibrous roots…

Answer 23

It is likely a monocots (having a seed with 1 cotyledon)

Ex. Wheat

Question 24

Root Hairs

Answer 24

Function is to increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 25

Functions Of The Stem

Answer 25

Supports leaves and flowers

Passageway of water and nutrients

Conductor of food (sugars)

Question 26

3 Major Internal Parts Of Stem

Answer 26

Xylem

Phloem

Cambium

Question 27

Xylem

Answer 27

Conducts water and minerals upwards from the roots to the leaves.
Tubes located towards the inside of the stem

Question 28

Phloem

Answer 28

Carry sugars from the leaves downward to the rest of the plant.
Tubes are just inside the outer covering of stems

Question 29

Cambium

Answer 29

The site of cell division that produces new growth, (the area of active growth).
Located between xylem and phloem, responsible for a stems increase in girth as it produces both xylem and phloem tissues.

Question 30

Node

Answer 30

Area of the stem where leaves are located. Nodes are areas of great cellular activity and growth.