unit 1 Flashcards
5 rights of medication administration
right patient right drug right dose right route right time
5 rights when administering medications (book)
right to complete and clear order
right to have correct, drug, route, and dose
right to have access to info
right to have policies to guide safe administration
right to administer medication safely
right to stop, think, and be vigilant when administering
pharmacokinetics
process of drug movement to achieve drug action
half-life of a medication
time it take for one half of the drug concentration to be eliminated
Metabolism and elimination affect the half life
short half-life: 4-8 hours
Long half-life: 24 hours or more
DO NOT USE List
U-write unit IU- write international unit QD- write daily QOD- write every other day Trailing zero (X.0)- write X mg Lack of leading zero( .X)- write 0.X mg MS-write morphine sulfate MSO4 and MgSO4- write magnesium sulfate
Baclofen (Lioresal)
Structurally similar to GABA
Used to reduce muscle spasms
Patients with MS, CP, spinal cord injury
Half life: 2.5-4 hours
Common side effects of Baclofen
Drowsiness Dizziness Weakness Fatigue Wide safety margin
Cyclobezaprine (Flexeril)
Depresses Motor acitivity primarily at brainstem
Limited effect on spinal cord
Short term therapy: 2-3 weeks
Used for acute muscle spasticity
Side effects of cyclobezaprine
Drowsiness Blurred vision Dizziness Dry mouth Rash Tachycardia Rare: swelling of tongue
Side effects of Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)
Dizziness Sedation Ataxia Light headedness Respiratory depression
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic
used in emergency, trauma, critical care, and neurosurgical settings to treat cerebral edema and to reduce increased intracranial pressure
held when serum osmolality exceeds 310 to 320.
highly irritating to veins.
Use filter needle:crystals may form in the solution and syringe and be inadvertently injected.
assess the patient’s neurologic status;
monitor laboratory studies, including electrolytes and serum osmolality
I&O to assess fluid volume status,
Main goal of sedation to patients
relieve anxiety and pain
promote comfort and sleep
Levels of sedation and analgesia
Minimal Moderate Deep sedation General Responsiveness Airway Spontaneous ventilation Cardiovascular fxn.
Minimal sedation
Normal response to verbal stimulation
Unaffected airway
Unaffected spontaneous ventilation
Unaffected cardio
Moderate sedation
Purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation
No intervention on airway
Adequate spontaneous ventilation
Usually not affected cardio
