UNIT 1

Question 1

define empiricism

Answer 1

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observations and experimentation.

Question 2

define structuralism

Answer 2

early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener: used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.

Question 3

define functionalism

Answer 3

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioural processes function- how they adapt, survive, and flourished.

Question 4

define experimental psychology

Answer 4

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Question 5

define behaviorism

Answer 5

The view that psychology

1. should be an objective science. that
2. studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today.

Question 6

define humanistic psychology

Answer 6

a historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people.

Question 7

define cognitive neuroscience

Answer 7

The interdisceplenary study of the brain actively linked with cognition. (including perception, thinking, memory, and language.)

Question 8

define psychology

Answer 8

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 9

define nature-nurture issue

Answer 9

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 10

define natural selection

Answer 10

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 11

define levels of analysis

Answer 11

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social- cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 12

define biopsychosocial approach

Answer 12

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social- cultural levels of analysis.

Question 13

define biological psychology

Answer 13

the scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes. (some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists.)

Question 14

define cognitive psychology

Answer 14

the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Question 15

define evolutionary psychology

Answer 15

the study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.

Question 16

define psychodynamic psychology

Answer 16

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

Question 17

define social cultural psychology

Answer 17

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behaviour and thinking

Question 18

define psychometrics

Answer 18

the scientific study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Question 19

define basic research

Answer 19

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 20

define developmental psychology

Answer 20

a branch of psuchology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

Question 21

define educationional psychology

Answer 21

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

Question 22

define peronality psychology

Answer 22

the study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feelin, and acting.

Question 23

define socia psychology

Answer 23

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 24

define applied research

Answer 24

scientific study that aims to solce practical problems.

Question 25

define industrial organizational psychology

Answer 25

the application of pychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 26

define human factors psychology

Answer 26

an 1/0 psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physcial environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 27

define counseling psychology

Answer 27

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Question 28

define clinical psychology

Answer 28

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 29

define psychiatry

Answer 29

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug/ treatmet as well as psychological therapy.)

Question 30

define positive psychology

Answer 30

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and comminities to thrive.

Question 31

define community psychology

Answer 31

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social instituations affect individuals and groups.