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Chemisty > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

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2
Q

Study of universe and origins

A

Cosmology

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3
Q

The property that defines the quantity of matter in an object

A

Mass

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4
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

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5
Q

Study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and of energy consumed or given off when matter undergoes change

A

Chemistry

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6
Q

What are the two principal categories of matter?

A

Pure substances and mixtures

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7
Q

Matter that has a constant composition and cannot be broken down to simpler matter by any physical process

A

Substance

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8
Q

Transformation of a sample of matter (change in physical state) that doesn’t alter chemical identity of substances in sample

A

Physical process

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9
Q

Combination of pure substances in variable proportions in which the individual substances retain their chemical identities and can be separated by physical process

A

Mixture

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10
Q

Components distributed uniformly throughout and have no visible boundaries or regions

A

Homogeneous mixture

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11
Q

Components not distributed uniformly- contains distinct regions of different compositions

A

Heterogeneous mixture

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12
Q

Pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by any chemical process

A

Element

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13
Q

Pure substance composed of 2+ elements bonded together in fixed proportions and that can be broken down into those elements by some chemical process

A

Compound

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14
Q

Transformation of 1+ substances into different substances

A

Chemical reaction

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15
Q

All samples of a particular compound contain the same elements combined in the same proportions

A

Law of constant composition

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16
Q

Smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical characteristics of the element

A

Atom

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17
Q

Matter and its properties are viewed on what level?

A

Atomic

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18
Q

Is an atom an element or compound?

A

Element

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19
Q

Is a molecule an element or compound?

A

Compound

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20
Q

Collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions

A

Molecule

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21
Q

A notation for representing elements and compounds; consists of the symbols of the constituent elements and subscripts identifying the # of atoms of each element in one molecule

A

Chemical formula

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22
Q

What is an example of a chemical formula?

A

H2O

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23
Q

Notation in which chemical formulas express the identities and their coefficients express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction

A

Chemical equation

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24
Q

Energy that holds two atoms in a molecule together

A

Chemical bond

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25
Q

Ball and stick models

A
  • Use spheres to represent atoms and sticks to represent chemical bonds
  • Show correct angles but not size and distance
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26
Q

Space filling models

A

Use spheres to scale next to each other, more accurate but hard to see angles

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27
Q

A process for separating particles suspended in a liquid or a gas from that liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

A

Filtration

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28
Q

Separates dissolved pigments/mixtures of compounds

A

Thin layer chromatography

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29
Q

A separation technique in which the more volatile (easily vaporized) components of a mixture are vaporized and then condensed, thereby separating them from the less volatile components

A

Distillation

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30
Q

An approach to acquiring knowledge based on observation of phenomena, development of a testable hypothesis, and additional experiments that test the validity of the hypothesis

A

Scientific method

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31
Q

A tentative and testable explanation for an observation or a series of observations

A

Hypothesis

32
Q

General explanation of a widely observed phenomenon that has been extensively tested and validated

A

Scientific theory

33
Q

E = mc^2

A

Energy, equivalent mass of matter, speed of light

34
Q

Big Bang

A

All matter in universe approaches same point at same time

35
Q

What is an example of serendipity?

A

Polytetrafluroetlene leads to finding of Teflon

36
Q

Ability of making fortunate and unexpected discoveries by accident

A

Serendipity

37
Q

Large chain like molecule built from many small molecules

A

Polymer

38
Q

Study of matter and its transformations

A

Chemistry

39
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

40
Q

Substances composed of one type of atom

A

Elements

41
Q

A property that is independent of the amount of substance present

A

Intensive property

42
Q

A property that varies with the quantity of the substance present

A

Extensive property

43
Q

A property of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

A

Physical property

44
Q

The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

A

Density

45
Q

Elements found in nature up combined with other elements

A

Free elements

46
Q

A property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance

A

Chemical property

47
Q

Has a definite volume and shape

A

Solid

48
Q

Has a definite volume but not a definite shape

A

Liquid

49
Q

Has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape

A

Gas

50
Q

Matter changes from one state to another when energy is either (blank) or (blank)

A

Added or removed

51
Q

Does it require more energy to melt a gram of ice at its melting point or to boil a gram of water that has been already heated to its boiling point?

A

Boil a gram of water that has already been heated to its boiling point

52
Q

Transformation of a solid directly into a vapor

A

Sublimation

53
Q

Transformation of a vapor (gas) directly into a solid

A

Deposition

54
Q

The standard unit of length, named after the Greek Merton, which means “measure”

A

Meter

55
Q

All the certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit

A

Significant figures

56
Q

The extent to which repeated measurements of the same variable agree

A

Precision

57
Q

Agreement between an experimental value and the true value

A

Accuracy

58
Q

A fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator but is expressed in different units, making the value of the faction one

A

Conversion factor

59
Q

The zero point on the kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible

A

Absolute zero

60
Q

Smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic chemical properties of that element

A

Atom

61
Q

Can change near the atomic scale, however, as shown by recent advances in nanotechnology

A

Physical properties

62
Q

A pure substance composed of two or more elements

A

Chemical compound

63
Q

Can be observed and measure without changing the composition of a substance

A

Physical properties

64
Q

Depend on the amount of substance present

A

Extensive properties

65
Q

Do not depend on the amount present

A

Intensive properties

66
Q

Identity of the substance is preserved

A

Physical changes

67
Q

Substance is transformed into one or more substances

A

Chemical changes

68
Q

Rigid, have fixed volumes and shapes

A

Solids

69
Q

Definitive volume but no fixed shape

A

Liquids

70
Q

No fixed volume or shape

A

Gas

71
Q

Theory especially useful for describing and understanding physical states of matter

A

Kinetic molecular theory

72
Q

The volume of a given substance decreases with (blank) temperature

A

Decreasing

73
Q

Method of converting from one system of units to another

A

Dimensional analysis

74
Q

Measurement has an equal probability of being high or low

A

Random error

75
Q

Error that occurs in the same direction each time

A

Systematic error

Chemisty (10 decks)

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