Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium normal levels

A

135-145

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2
Q

Potassium normal levels

A

3.5-5.0

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3
Q

Calcium normal levels

A

8.5-10.5

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4
Q

Magnesium normal levels

A

1.3-2.1

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5
Q

Chloride normal levels

A

97-110

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6
Q

Phosphate normal levels

A

2.5-4.5

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7
Q

PH normal levels

A

7.35-7.45

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8
Q

PaO2 normal levels

A

80-100

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9
Q

CO2 normal levels

A

35-45

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10
Q

PaCO2 normal levels

A

35-45

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11
Q

Bicarbonate normal levels

A

24-30

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12
Q

Carbonic acid normal levels

A

2.4

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13
Q

BUN normal levels

A

8-25

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14
Q

Creatinine normal levels

A

0.6-1.5

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15
Q

GLucose normal level

A

65-110

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16
Q

Serum osmolality normal levels

A

280-300

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17
Q

Hematocrit % normal level

A

36%-52%

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18
Q

Isotonic fluids

A

5%dextrose in water
0.9% sodium chloride
Lactated Ringers
Water does not move into or out of cells

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19
Q

Hypertonic fluids

A
5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride 
5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride 
3% normal saline 
5% dextrose in lactated ringers 
Corrects fluid, electrolyte and acid base imbalances 
Par enteral nutrition
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20
Q

Scope of medical surgical

A

Nurses promote, restore or maintain optimal health for patients
Promote health
Prevent illness/injury
Nurses must have broad knowledge base

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21
Q

Expanding knowledge and technology

A

Ensure pt. safety as priority
IOM- 44,000and 98,000 pt deaths result each year from preventable errors
100,000 lives campaign: effort to save lives
Rapid Response team- save lives; provide care before resp. Or cardiac arrest

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22
Q

6 core QSEN competencies

A
Provide patient centered care
Implement EBP
Use informatics in patient care
Collaborate w/ HCT
Use quality improvement in patient care
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23
Q

Provide patient centered care-Focus on

A
Communication
Compassion
Culture
Patient education
Empowerment
Respect
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24
Q

SPEAK UP Campaign

A
Speak up
Pay attention to care receiving 
Educate self
Ask trusted family member
Know medications you take
Use hospital 
Participate in all decisions
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25
Q

Autonomy

A

Self- determination

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26
Q

Beneficence

A

Promotes positive actions

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27
Q

Veracity

A

Nurse obligated to tell truth to best of his/her knowledge

28
Q

Teamwork and Collaboration

A

Planning
Implementation
Evaluating patient. Care together using ID plan of care

29
Q

SBAR communication

A

Situation: what is happening
Background: relevant background info
Assessment: analysis of problem
Recommendations: needed or desired outcome

30
Q

Quality Improvement

A

Monitor quality and effectiveness
Access and evaluate data
Recommend ways to improve care
Implement activities to improve care

31
Q

Informatics: Information and tech used to

A

Communicate
Support decision making
Manage knowledge
Decrease errors

32
Q

5 rights of delegation

A
Right task
Right person
Right supervision
Right circumstances 
Right communication
33
Q

Delegation

A

Transferring to a competent person of authority to perform a selected nursing task

34
Q

The nurse is always

A

Accountable for the task that is delegated

35
Q

Supervision

A

Guidance or direction, evaluation and follow up by the nurse to ensure task is done properly

36
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of fluid through cell or blood vessel

Related to water volume pressing against confining walls

37
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Water-pushing pressure
Blood pressure
Edema: clinical significance

38
Q

Diffusion

A

Free movements of particles across permeable membrane from higher to lower
Sodium potassium pump
Glucose cannot enter unless insulin present

39
Q

Minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste products

A

400-600 mL/day

40
Q

Insensible water loss

A

Stool
Skin
Lungs

41
Q

Dehydration care

A
Fluid intake does not meet body's fluid needs
Effects: Cardio
Respiratory 
Skin
Neurological
Renal
42
Q

1L of water weighs

A

2.2 lb equal to 1 kg

43
Q

Weight change of 1lb

A

Fluid volume change of about 500 mL

44
Q

Fluid overload care

A

High

45
Q

Older adults

A

At risk for fluid imbalance
Tearing of skin
Select higher in arm
Angle 10-15 degrees

46
Q

Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic

A

Stay in vascular
Treats fluid overload
Treats dehydration

47
Q

TPN has osmolarity

A

> 1400

Never be infused peripheral circulation

48
Q

Peripheral IV therapy

A

Dwell for 72-96 hours then require a new insertion site

49
Q

Veins cannot be used in patients with:

A
Mastectomy
Auxiliary lymph node dissection 
Lymph edema 
Paralysis of upper extremities
Dialysis graft or fistulas
50
Q

CD recommends aseptic technique include:

A
Hand hygiene
Clip hair; do not shave
Ensure skin is clean
Wear gloves
Prepare skin with 70% alcohol
51
Q

Midline catheter

A
3-8 inches
Inserted through vein in upper arm 
Used for therapies 1-4 weeks
Do not use vesicant drugs; can cause tissue damage 
Do not use to draw blood
52
Q

Central IV. Therapy

A

Placed into the superior vena cava

Chest X-Ray to confirm placement

53
Q

PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)

A

18-29 inches
Chest X-Ray determines placement
Used for contrast injection

54
Q

Nontunneled per cutaneous central venous catheter

A
Inserted through subclavian vein in upper chest or jugular vein
May require insertion in femoral vein
7-10 inches
Tip resides in SVC
Chest X-Ray confirms placement
55
Q

Implanted Port

A
Surgically created subcutaneous pocket houses the port body 
Placed in upper chest/extremity 
Not visible 
FLushing after each use
ANd flushed at least once per month
56
Q

Hemodialysis catheter

A

Catheters-related bloodstream infections
Vein thrombosis
Do not use for administering other fluids/medications

57
Q

Change lipid tubing every

A

24 hours

58
Q

Change blood tubing every

A

4 hours

59
Q

Change propofol tubing every

A

6 to 12 hours

60
Q

Interventions to reduce infection risk:

A

Clean needle less system connections before use for 30 seconds
Do not tape connections tubing sets
Hand hygiene

61
Q

Steps of EBP process

A

Asking burning question
Find find the very best evidence available
Critically appraise and synthesize relevant evidence
MAke recommendations for practice improvement
Implement accepted recommendations
Evaluate outcomes

62
Q

Qualitative

A

Focuses on meaning and interpretation of experience

63
Q

Quantitative

A

Asks about relationship between defined measurable phenomena
Statistical analysis

64
Q

PICOT format

A
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
65
Q

Level 1 of evidence

A

Book

66
Q

Level 2 of evidence

A

Book