Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Optics 515 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Light

A

The physical entity that the human organ of vision is sensitive to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Optics

A

The scientific field that investigates light through the effects of propagation, its interaction with matter, as well as of its creation and detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Evidence based science

A

proposes models which are subject to check, to be verified or rejected, until proven otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Principle of Least Action

A

Light will travel in the easiest route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

First optics scientist

A

Hero of Alexandria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ptolemy

A

refraction of light, seen by rays of light from eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lucretius

A

corpuscular nature, light and heat emitted from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alhazen’s Analysis

A

Visual discrimination, perception, and conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Father of Modern Optics

A

Johannes Kepler, the Keplarian Turn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Newton

A

light is particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Huygen

A

Light is wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Huygens Principle

A

Light emits waves, each point that the wave touches, a smaller wave forms in the same direction and speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Young’s experiment

A

Light is a wave. Interference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Michelson

A

Light is an electromagnetic wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes lights in electrons

A

electrons changing positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Black Body Radiation

A

Absorbs all light, can emit it just as easily, no UV catastrophe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Photoelectric Effect

A

something wrong with EM theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Quantum energy

A

Not continuous, = h x v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Planck’s Constant

A

h=6.626 x 10^-34 JoulexSec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1eV =

A

1.6x10^-19 Joule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Charge of en electron

A

1 eV or 1.6x10^19 Joule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When incoming light hits medium, emitted light is

A

not faster, electrons not faster, but you can have more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

also called photoemission. production of electrons or other free carriers when light is shone onto a material. No emission with red. Electrons are emitted instantly, even with light with small wavelength (blue). Increase in intensity is related to increase in the number of ejected electrons, but not to their kinnetic energy. Speed increase only with larger frequency. KE in linear relation to light freq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Energy of Photon

A

E=h x v. h=planck’s 6.626x10^-34, v=frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Wave

A

Matter duality. Any wave is also a particle , any particle is also wave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Photon properties

A

Energy, momentum, wavelength, frequency. The photon is also a wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The experimental evidence for the nature of the light converge in that the nature that dominates between corpuscle and wave is:

A

both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What types of waves are there?

A

transverse and longitudinal, cannot be both, one or the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What must the equation have for it to be a wave?

A

time and space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

wave equation

A

y=y(z,t)=y(vxt-z)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

scalar

A

magnitude only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

vector

A

magnitude and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

electric field

A

a distribution of electric field intensity. Force on a unit charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Electromagnetic field

A

interdependent, non-static electric and magnetic fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Electric field and magnetic field orientation

A

ALWAYS perpendicular to each other. S(direction of propagation)=electric field X Magnetic field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the simplest wave?

A

harmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

wave equations must have?

A

time and space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Frequency (v)

A

determined by the source, DOES NOT CHANGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Wavelength (lambda)

A

from peak to peak or trough to trough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Phase

A

The internal clock of the disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Wavevector

A

Expresses the rate of phase propagation, similar to wavelength but it is vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Field intesity

A

E, scalar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Apmlitude

A

The max of the field intensity. highest, vector.

44
Q

What does not change as an electromagnetic wave propagates?

A

frequency

45
Q

IR light

A

fields

46
Q

UV light

A

fluorescence

47
Q

speed of light?

A

3x10^8. c=v x wavelength

48
Q

to find the speed of light in any other medium what is dependent?

A

wavelength, it will always be less than the speed of light

49
Q

refractive index

A

speed/speed, unitless. always greater than 1. Dependent on material properties and wavelength

50
Q

refractive index for water

A

1.333

51
Q

what is the speed of light in a medium with refractive index n=2?

A

3x10^8/2=1.5x10^8

52
Q

When talking about refractive index, what is important to always mention?

A

the material

53
Q

Optical path length

A

multiply by refractive index if going through medium, will be longer than the actual path traveled.

54
Q

higher refractive index…

A

thinner lens

55
Q

1 rad

A

360/2pi degrees=57.3 degrees

56
Q

1 degree

A

0.0175 rad, 1/360 of circle

57
Q

1 arcminute

A

1/60 degree

58
Q

1 arcsecond

A

1/60 minute

59
Q

the line at 20/20

A

separated by one arcminute

60
Q

radian

A

measure the angle from a 1D line from a 2D space

61
Q

Steradian

A

angular area of a 2D surface about a 3d space. arc/radius

62
Q

radiometry

A

scientific, quantifies radiation across the EM spectrum, employs physical constants

63
Q

photometry

A

eye, quantifies radiation in the visible, weighted to human eye resonse

64
Q

measurement of light with physical terms

A

actinometry, radiometry

65
Q

measurement of light considering vision

A

photometry, chromatometry

66
Q

units of energy

A

Joule

67
Q

Units of Power

A

energy/time. Watts, 1W = 1 J/s

68
Q

Units of power density

A

Power/surface area, W/m^2

69
Q

Radiometric Quantities

A

Radiant Power (W), Power per unit surface area (W/m^2), Power per unit solid angle (W/sr), Power per unit surface area and per unit solid angle (W/m^2-sr)

70
Q

Photometric Quantities

A

Luminant Power (Lumen), Power per unit area (Lux), Power per unit solid angle (Candela), Power per unit area [surface] and per unit solid angle (Nit)

71
Q

Nature of waves

A

Spread out in space (diffraction) and can pass through obstacles and may be added with other waves (superposition)

72
Q

Nature of particles

A

Move in a straight line due to inertia, unless a force is exerted upon them.

73
Q

Rays

A

A physical entity that does not exist. When passing through a small aperture continue their trajectory without any change. Idealized model of light that corresponds to the direction of propagation

74
Q

for a wave to exist..

A

must be subjected to a disturbance.

75
Q

what waves do not require a medium?

A

gravatational and electromagnetic. can propagate in vacuum

76
Q

in what type of fields can forces be exerted

A

dynamic

77
Q

unit of frequency

A

Hertz

78
Q

angular frequency

A

w=2pi x v

79
Q

What units do we use for wavelength in respect to light?

A

micrometers and nanometers

80
Q

visible light spectrum

A

4.3x10^14 Hz (red) to 5.7x10^14 (blue)

81
Q

in relation to the visible, the UV frequencies are

A

larger

82
Q

spherical wave

A

wavefronts are spherical, a succession of concentric spheres centered on the source

83
Q

Plane Wave

A

wave fronts are parallel planes and rays are collimated

84
Q

converging rays

A

spherical

85
Q

What’s the difference between geometric optics and wave optics in reference to light passing through the aperture?

A

In geometric optics, light does not diverge, creating a shadow. In wave optics, then according to Huygens rule, a source of secondary waves, which results in a diffraction distribution pattern.

86
Q

what is the smallest quantic entity in which we can slice a light wave?

A

Photons

87
Q

What is the key feature of the photon?

A

energy, which is proportional to its frequency

88
Q

the experimental evidence for the nature of light shows that the dominant nature is:

A

both

89
Q

rectilinear

A

light rays propagate in straight paths

90
Q

penumbra

A

created if the light source is not a point, much smaller than the object. Makes silhouette of shade not so clear

91
Q

transparency

A

physical property of a medium that allows light to transcend it. It is a measure of the percentage of light, of specific wavelength range, that transcends through this medium. No absolute transparency. dependent on the medium’s properties, as well as on the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave

92
Q

dielectrics

A

optical media in which light can propagate

93
Q

opacity

A

opposite of transparency

94
Q

transluscency

A

prevents perception of distinct images behind it. frosted glass. diffusion

95
Q

What does optical media do to light?

A

slows it down. the larger the refractive index, the slower light propagates through it.

96
Q

index of refraction

A

= c/u

97
Q

what is the range of RI of glass?

A

1.4-1.9

98
Q

how are wavelength and refractive index related?

A

inversely

99
Q

what range of energies does a photon correspond to in the visible light range?

A

1.65 and 3.1 eV

100
Q

microwaves

A

1mm-3cm. photon energies of 0.00001 to 0.001 eV

101
Q

radiowaves

A

few cm to hundreds of meters. long antennas.

102
Q

Infrared

A

few micrometers to mm. heat or thermal radiation, higher temp, more infrared

103
Q

Ultraviolet radiation

A

300nm to a few nm. 3.5-124 eV Radiation in the 300nm range can cause biological tissue damage

104
Q

Xrays

A

photoionization. few nm to 0.000001nm

105
Q

gamma rays

A

high frequency EM radiation. small wavelength. 100keV wavelengths less than 10pm.

106
Q

Isotropic

A

a theoretical source that radiates evenly to all directions. Point source should be less than 1/10 of the observation distance.

Optics 515 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions