Unit 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

the study of bodily structure and the relationships between different structures

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the study of human function (function reflects structure)

Question 3

exercise physiology

Answer 3

the study of how body structure and function are altered by exposure to exercise

Question 4

physical activity

Answer 4

any body movement resulting from muscular action that increases energy expenditure

Question 5

exercise

Answer 5

planned, structured, repetitive and purposeful increase in physical exertion

Question 6

physical activity epidemiology

Answer 6

study of the occurrence of illness related to physical (in)activity

Question 7

acute exercise

Answer 7

a single bout of exercise

-changes in physiological function allow for immediate responses specific to the activity being performed

Question 8

chronic exercise (adaptations to exercise training)

Answer 8

a change in physiological function that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over a period of time of weeks or months
-allows for improved exercise capacity to increase performance ability

Question 9

aerobic exercise

Answer 9

light to high intensity exercise lasting for an extended period of time while utilizing oxygen as the energy generating process

Question 10

resistance training

Answer 10

any exercise that causes the muscles to contract against an external resistance with the expectation of increases in muscle strength, tone, mass and endurance

Question 11

static exercise

Answer 11

an isometric form of exercise requiring a holding position or very little movement at high intensities

Question 12

dynamic exercise

Answer 12

recurrent and substantial body movements to keep the muscles moving and often including concentric and eccentric contractions

Question 13

steady state exercise

Answer 13

• a state obtained at a continuous moderate intensity exercise
• exercising at the same intensity
• when the removal of lactic acid by oxidation keeps pace with its production

Question 14

non steady state

Answer 14

• bouts of high and low-mod intensity that keep changing HR

- interval training

Question 15

graded exercise intensity

Answer 15

• severe = very short duration
• vigorous/heavy = short duration
• moderate = moderate duration
• mild = long duration

Question 16

homeostasis

Answer 16

• active maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes
• dynamic equilibrium with oscillation around a set point
• receptor detects change, info sent along afferent pathway to control center
• info sent along efferent pathway to effector
• response of effector feeds back to return to homeostasis

Question 17

exercise and homeostasis

Answer 17

• exercise = disruption to homeostasis
• acute exercise: sweating, increase in HR
• chronic adaptations: lower BP, lower RHR

Question 18

integrated physiological function

Answer 18

-whole body, systemic responses results from the sum of all cellular processes

Question 19

stroke volume

Answer 19

• the amount of blood ejected per heart beat
• chronic adaptation to exercise = increase in SV (can pump same amount of blood with fewer beats, same amount of O2 = fewer beats)

Question 20

components of homeostatic reflex mechanism

Answer 20

1) stimulus
2) receptor
3) afferent pathway
4) control center
5) efferent pathway
6) effector
7) response