Unit 1 Flashcards
(117 cards)
What is apraxia of speech?
neurologic disorder that reflects an impaired ability to plan or program movements for speech
What is dysarthria?
The collective name for a group of neurologic speech disorders that reflect abnormalities in strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of speech movements
How are developmental motor speech disorders characterized?
Onset of the disorder is prior to language (before age 2)
What is an example of a developmental motor speech disorder?
CP- often caused by a stroke in utero or anoxia/hypoxia during birth
An acquired motor speech disorder is _______
after the onset of language
The central nervous system is comprised of the __________ and the ______________.
Brain and spinal cord
The peripheral nervous system is composed of…?
cranial, spinal, and the peripheral autonomic nerves
How many cranial nerves are in the PNS?
12
How many spinal nerves are in the PNS?
31
What is the purpose of peripheral autonomic nerves?
Carry sensory information from the peripheral organs to the brain
What is the purpose of cranial nerves?
The cranial nerves project from parts of the CNS within the skull and innervate many organs and muscles of the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen
What is the purpose of spinal nerves
Spinal nerves branch from the spinal chord and innervate most of the other muscles of the body: chest, arms, and legs
What protects the brain, brainstem, and cerebellum?
Skull
What supports and protects the spinal cord?
The vertebrae
How many total vertebrae are there?
33
What are the 3 layers of meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
What are the 3 spaces between the meninges?
Epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space
Where is the epidural space?
Between the skull and the dura
Where is the subdural space?
Below the dura mater
Where is the subarachnoid space?
beneath the the arachnoid
Which space is filled with cerebral spinal fluid?
The subarachnoid space
Diseases capable of producing MSDs that involve the meninges and spaces stem from…?
infection, venous vascular disorders, hydrocephalus, or trauma w/ hemorrhage and edema
What are the 3 parts of a neuron (nerve cell)?
cell body, dendrites, and axon
Which part of the neuron is covered with myelin?
Axon