Unit 1 Flashcards
12 weeks
- Red blood cells are prodcued in the liver.
- Fusion of the palate is completed.
- External genitalia are developed to the point that sex of fetus can be noted with ultrasound.
- Eyelids are closed.
- Fetal heart tone can be heard by Doppler device.
16 weeks
- Lanugo is present on head.
- Meconium is formed in the intestines.
- Teeth begin to form.
- Sucking motions are made with the mouth.
- Skin is transparent.
20 weeks
- Lanugo covers the entire body.
- Vernix caseosa covers the body
- Nails are formed.
- Brown fat begins to develop.
24 weeks
- Eyes are developed. Alveoli form in the lungs and begin to produce surfactant.
- Footprints and fingerprints are forming.
- Respiratory movement can be detected.
28 weeks
- Eyelids are open. Adipose tissue develops rapidly.
- The respiratory system has developed to a point that has exchange is possible, but lungs are not fully mature.
32 weeks
- Bones are fully developed. Lungs are maturing.
- Increased amounts of adipose tissue are present.
36 weeks
- Lanugo begins to disappear. Labia majora and minora are equally prominent.
- Testes in upper portion of scrotum.
40 weeks
-Fetus is considered full term at 38 weeks. All organs/systems are fully developed.
Normal Menstrual Cycle Length
28 days according to NCLEX
At what day during the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
Day 14
Autosomal Dominant
Either have disease or healthy. Cannot be a carrier
Autosomal Recessive
can be a carrier
Risk Factors for male Infertility
- Excessive alcohol use
- Marijuana or Cocaine use
- Advanced age
- STI
- Smoker
Risk Factors for Female Infertility
- Diabetic
- Excessive alcohol use
- Obesity
- Advanced age
- STI
Post Operative Care
- Saturated pad within one hour is a big NO NO
- BP drop, HR increase = hemorrhage
- Give pillow for abdominal incisions incase she has to cough
- Pain is only the priority when it fixes the problem.
- Should be no blood in urine
Fever above ____?
100.4 F or 38 C is issue!
Education for Post Op Hysterectomy
Keep vagina dry, no douche
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
S&S: abnormal vaginal discharge with foul odor
- Fever above 100.4
- Elevated WBC and ESR
Treatment for PID
- Test for STIs
- Give antibiotic
- Ibuprofen for pain
- Make sure patient knows to complete the antibiotic regiment
Candidiasis
- S&S: white, cheesy vaginal discharge
- Tx: Miconazole, Tioconazole, Fluconazole
- Education: avoid sex, warm water and soap to clean, wear cotton underwear
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
- S&S: fishy vaginal smell; discharge may be white or grey, milky
- Tx: Metronidazole, Miconazole;
Chlamydia
Incubation: 1-3 weeks
S&S: Men- dysuria, frequent urination, watery discharge
Female: asymptomatic, thick discharge with acrid odor, pelvic pain, yellow-colored discharge, dysmenorrhea
Tx: Doxycycline Hyclate
Education: may cause female infertility; notify contacts
Genital Warts / Condylomata acuminata
Incubation: 1-3 months
S&S: initially single, small papillary lesion, spreads into cauliflower-like cluster on perineum, vagina or penis; itching / burning sensation
Tx: Curettage, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or podophyllin resin; kerotyltic agents
Education: avoid intimate contact until lesions healed; notify contacts; atypical, pigmented or persistent warts should be biopsied, cervical carcinoma risk
Genital Herpes
Incubation: 3-14 days
• Symptoms
○ Initially pinpoint vesicles on a erythematous base
○ Vesicles ulcerate and become painful, draining lesions
○ Difficulty urinating
○ Recurrent at times of stress, infection, or menses
• Treatment
○ No cure
§ Symptomatic
□ Sitz bath
§ acyclovir
• Educate
• Notify contacts
• Precautions regarding vaginal delivery
• Cervical carcinoma risk
• Emotional supportGonorrhea
ncubation: 2-7 days
• Symptoms
• Women
• May be asymptomatic
• Purulent discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia
• Men
• Painful urination
• Yellow-green discharge
• May cause male or female sterility
• Greenish-yellow or white vaginal discharge
• Dysuria
• Lower abdominal or back pain
• Treatment
• Ceftriaxone
• doxycycline hyclate
• Educate
• Monitor for PID
• Notify contactsHepatitis B
Symptoms
• Fever
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting
• Abdominal and/or joint pain
• Dark Colored urine
• Clay-colored stools
• Jaundice
• Treatment
• No cureSyphilis
Incubation: 10-90 days
• Primary syphilis
• Painless chancre disappears within 4 weeks
• Secondary syphilis
• “Copper penny” rash on palms and soles, low-grade fever
• Tertiary syphilis
• Cardiac and CNS dysfunction
• Diagnose with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests
• Treatment
• Penicillin G
Trichomoniasis
Symptoms
• Females
• Erythema, edema, pruritus of the external genitals
• Frothy gray or greenish-yellow vaginal discharge with a strong odor
• Treatment
○ metronidazole
Total Normal Weight Gain for Pregnancy
24-28 pounds
First Trimester Weight Gain
2-4 pounds
Second Trimester Weight Gain
12-14 pounds
Third Trimester Weight Gain
8-12 pounds
Foods for the anticipating mom to avoid
- Raw/undercooked meat
- Processed foods: hot dogs, lunch meat, listeria is bacteria present
- Smoked seafood
- Soft cheese: Mexican cheese, feta
- Fish with high levels of mercy: shark, swordfish, sushi, king marcel; can have salmon tuna and catfish
- Raw eggs: cookie dough
- Caffeine: none is best but 200 mg/day during pregnancy
- Alcohol: NONE
- Unwashed vegetables: avoid, wash even if from own garden
How soon should you stop oral contraceptives before trying to become pregnant?
2-3 months before trying to become pregnant, use other contraceptive meds
Chadwick’s sign
increased blood flow to vaginal area looks bluish around 6-8 weeks gestation
Goodell’s sign
softening of the cervix
Hegar’s sign
softening of the lower uterus
Definitive Signs of Pregnancy
- Fetal heart heard separate from mothers (higher number than mother’s; heard around 8-12 weeks gestation)
- Fetal movements felt by examiner (HCP feels actual movement, tumors will not kick you; 20-24 weeks gestation)
- Visualization of fetus (on ultrasound, around 4-6 weeks gestation)
First Trimester
First day of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) through 14 completed weeks
-weight gain 2-4 pounds
Second Trimester
15 weeks through 28 completed weeks
-weight gain 12-14 pounds
Third Trimester
29 weeks through 40 completed weeks (this period stops when labor starts)
-weight gain 8-12 pounds
Prenatal Vitamins
take at night time with snack to avoid sickness feeling
Folic Acid
B-vitamin, decrease the rss koi neural tube defects, like Spinal Bifida; 400 mcg/day
-Comes from leafy green veggies, citrus fruits, cereal (fortified)
Para
number of pregnancies that have reached viability, regardless of whether the infants were born alive
Gravida
woman who is or has been pregnant
Primigravida
woman who is pregnant for the first time
Primipara
woman who has give birth to one child past age of viability
Multigravida
woman who has been pregnant previously
Multipara
woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability
Nulligravida
woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
- thing she feels: have them describe
- amenorrhea
- N&V
- stria gravidarum (stretch marks)
Probably signs of pregnancy
- Objective: urine lab test, HCG hormone, can be false positive, psychotropic drugs can cause this;
- Urine pregnancy tests are 95-98% accurate
