Unit 1-4 + 6

Question 1

What makes a backbone?

Answer 1

7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, a sacrum, and a coccyx

Question 2

What forms the rib cage?

Answer 2

Ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae together form the rib cage.

Question 3

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

  Offer strength, give shape, protect organs, & make movement possible.

Question 4

what are bone cells that produce a substance with a lot of calcium and a little collagen.

Answer 4

a bone

Question 5

what are cartilage cells and jelly with collagen.

Answer 5

cartilage

Question 6

What makes bones solid and flexible?

Answer 6

Calcium and collagen

Question 7

What are chracteristics of a long bone?

Answer 7

A long bone is long and thin with yellow bone marrow which has fat.

Question 8

what are characteristics of flat bones?

Answer 8

Flat bones are flat and broad and they contain red bone marrow which forms blood cells.

Question 9

Why are Babies and young children flexible?

Answer 9

Because they have large amounts of cartilage in their skeleton.

Question 10

What is it called when cartilage changes into bone?

Answer 10

ossification

Question 11

Why do children grow?

Answer 11

They grow because they have growth plates in long bones.

Question 12

How does the backbone absorb impact?

Answer 12

with the double s shape and with the intervertebral discs

Question 13

What does a vertebra consist of?

Answer 13

 Each vertebra consists of a vertebral body with a vertebral foramen containing a spinal cord.

Question 14

what happens when muscle fibres contract?

Answer 14

The muscle contracts (The muscle shortens and thickens).

Question 15

what happens when more muscle fibres contract?

Answer 15

the muscle produces more strength

Question 16

What do the tendons connect to?

Answer 16

 Tendons connect the skeletal muscles to the bones.

Question 17

Which muscles work together?

Answer 17

flexors and extensors.

Question 18

what are Cooperating muscles in an opposite movement?

Answer 18

antagonists

Question 19

what are involuntary muscles?

Answer 19

 Involuntary muscles are muscles that cannot be controlled and never get tired. Examples are: the heart muscle, muscles in digestive organs, walls of blood vessels and hairs.

Question 20

what are voluntary muscles?

Answer 20

 Voluntary muscles are muscles that can be controlled, are strong, but get tired quickly. an example is skeletal muscles.

Question 21

what do digestive organs contain?

Answer 21

 The digestive organs contain circular and longitudinal muscles.

Question 22

What is a bone fracture?

Answer 22

a bone is broken. A doctor will perform surgery or set the pieces of bone. New bone tissue is produced.

Question 23

what is dislocation?

Answer 23

head of the bone twists from the socket.

Question 24

what is a sprain?

Answer 24

joint capsule stretches or tears.

Question 25

what is a torn cartilage?

Answer 25

cartilage in the knee joint tears.

Question 26

what is a sore muscle?

Answer 26

waste products remain in the muscles.

Question 27

what is a bruise?

Answer 27

muscle fibres and blood vessels in the muscle are damaged.

Question 28

what is a muscle cramp?

Answer 28

a sudden forceful contraction of the muscle.

Question 29

what is a muscular tear?

Answer 29

a tear in the membranes around the bundle of muscles.

Question 30

what is a pulled muscle?

Answer 30

a sudden muscular tear.

Question 31

How do you prevent injuries?

Answer 31

wrapping up joints
Warm-up before and cool-down after exercises

Question 32

Why should we lift with a straight back?

Answer 32

 Lifting with a straight back. Intervertebral discs will then be equally loaded.

Question 33

What is a slipped disc?

Answer 33

a slipped disc is a dorsal nerve that is stuck by bulging intervertebral discs.

Question 34

What do animals in diffrent enviornments have in common?

Answer 34

 Animals in different environments may have a similar body structure, but in completely different shapes example are moles and bats.

Question 35

What do animals in the same enviornment have in common?

Answer 35

 Animals in the same environments may have a completely different body structure, but with similar shapes. Examples are sharks and dolphins.

Question 36

what type of animals move their backbone from left to right?

Answer 36

 Fish, amphibians, and reptiles

Question 37

what type of animals move their backbone in a wave like motion?

Answer 37

 Birds and mammals

Question 38

What type of body do aquatic fish and mammals have?

Answer 38

a streamlined body.

Question 39

what type of animals can move forward on land with legs

Answer 39

Adult amphibians, most reptiles, birds, and mammals

Question 40

What are traits of a external skeleton

Answer 40

it protects against dehydration and predators.

Question 41

What type of skeleton does a molluscs have?

Answer 41

Molluscs have a calcareous skeleton that grows with them.

Question 42

What do Arthropods need to do to grow?

Answer 42

Arthropods need to moult in order to grow.

Question 43

do worms have a skeleton

Answer 43

no they don’t

Question 44

If worms don’t have a skeleton then how do they crawl?

Answer 44

They are able to crawl by means of contracting their circular and longitudinal muscles. They push themselves off the ground with bristles.