unit 1-4

Question 1

SPICE

Answer 1

s - social

p - political

i - interactions w/ environment

c - cultural

e - economic

Question 2

chinese dynasties in order

Answer 2

shang, zhou, qin, han, 400 years of disunity, sui, tang, song, yuan, ming, qing

Question 3

dynasty that utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule

Answer 3

song dynasty

Question 4

filial piety

Answer 4

confucian belief: one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one’s parents and ancestors.

Question 5

daoism/taoism

Answer 5

• based on teachings of Laozi
• goal: achieve oneness with the dao (universal force connected nature that cannot be defined, only experienced and felt)
• originated in China

Question 6

confucianism

Answer 6

• philosophy that adheres to the teachings of Chinese philosopher Confucius
• shows ways to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world
• stresses a moral code of conduct
• originated in China

Question 7

where did buddhism originate

Answer 7

india

Question 8

how and where was buddhism spread to

Answer 8

through trade routes, silk roads -> china, central & southeast asia

Question 9

why was buddhism so appealing to many

Answer 9

appealed to people of lower castes (hindu caste system) & status because enlightenment could be achieved by all

Question 10

divisions of buddhism

Answer 10

theravada, mahayana, tibetan

Question 11

mandate of heaven

Answer 11

determines whether an emperor of China is good enough to rule

Question 12

tang & song government organization

Answer 12

• six major ministries: personnel, finance, rites, army, justice, and public works
• large bureaucracy
• revived civil service exams (more elaborate thanks to ability to print books, tested over confucian texts like analects)
• officials selected based on marriage

Question 13

capital of song dynasty

Answer 13

hangzhou

Question 14

chinese iron industry

Answer 14

• by 11th century., was providing the government with 32,000 suits of armor and 16 million iron arrowheads per year
• also metal for coins, tools, construction, and bells

Question 15

song dynasty cultural & political achievements

Answer 15

• rapid population growth thanks to champa rice
• most urbanized country in the world
• network of internal waterways provided cheap transportation that unified the country
• technological innovation flourished
  (woodblock & movable type = world’s first printed books, gunpowder)

Question 16

champa rice

Answer 16

fast-ripening, drought-resistant rice from vietnam

Question 17

significant chinese innovations

Answer 17

• moveable type
• gunpowder (accidentally discovered by doaist alchemists)
• compass
• paper

Question 18

women in the song dynasty

Answer 18

return of confucianism - tightening of patriarchal restrictions on women, returned han images of female submission and passivity
- footbinding

• rapidly commercializing economy undermined the position of women in the textile industry
• urban workshops and state factories were run by men