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Rebecca Science > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are animal cell membranes composed of?

A

Protein and lipid

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2
Q

What is diffusion ?

A

The passive movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration until evenly spread

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3
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The passive movement of water mile clues from a region of high water concentration to low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

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4
Q

What is active transport ?

A

The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to s higher concentration against s concentration gradient
Requires energy

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5
Q

Examples of active transport

A

Sodium potassium pump in nerve cells

Potassium ions in nitella

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6
Q

Example of osmosis

A

Uptake of water into roots of plants

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7
Q

Example of diffusion

A

Respiration

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8
Q

Animal cell in water

HWC?
LWC?
Equal ?

A

HWC- burst
LWC- shrink
Equal - no change

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9
Q

Plant cell in water

HWC?
LWC?
Equal ?

A

HWC- turgid
LWC- plasmolysed flaccid
Equal- no change

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10
Q

Diploid - humans

A

46

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11
Q

Haploid - humans

A

23

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12
Q

How is an organism formed ?

A 
DNA
Gene
Chromosome 
Nucleus
Cell
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13
Q

Why do we use Aseptic technique?

A

To avoid contamination

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14
Q

Factors that effect aseptic technique

A

Temperature
PH
Oxygen levels

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15
Q

Name the 4 DNA bases

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

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16
Q

In mRNA what replaces thymine ?

A

Uracil

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17
Q

Role of DNA

A

Genetic information

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18
Q

Describe the shape of a DNA molecule

A

Double stranded helix

19
Q

Functions of proteins

A 
Enzymes
Structure
Hormones
Antibodies
Receptors
20
Q

Examples of enzymes and their pH

A

Pepsin - pH2

Catalyse - pH9

21
Q

Examples of GM organisms

A

Tomato- increase yield

Potato- fungal resistance and do increasing yield

22
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Light
Water+CO2—————>glucose+O2
Chlorophyll

23
Q

what are the Two stages of photosynthesis ?

A

Light dependant

Carbon fixation

24
Q

Photosynthesis diagram

A

Light energy
⬇️
⬇️ ⬇️
Water Chlorophyll
⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️
Hydrogen O2 Energy
⬇️
⬇️ ↪️ATP–ADP+phosphate↩️
⬇️ ⬇️
⬇️
Hydrogen+ carbon dioxide–>glucose

25
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine solution turns from Brown to black /blue

26
Q

Limiting factors for photosynthesis

A

Light intensity
Temperature
Concentration of CO2

27
Q

ATP wheel diagram

Respiration

A

CO2+water
Energy ⤴️
Glucose+oxygen

28
Q

What are plant cell walls composed of?

A

Cellulose

29
Q

ATP wheel

Energy transfer

A

ATP
Energyenergy
ADP+Pi

30
Q

ATP wheel

Cellular processes

A

Relaxed muscles
Energy↪️
Contracted muscle

31
Q

Mitosis stage four

A

Chromatids pulled to north and South poles

32
Q

Mitosis stage five

A

Nuclear membranes form and cytoplasm splits to form two daughter cells

33
Q

Cell culture step 1

A

Metal loop heated strongly to sterilise it

34
Q

Cell culture step 2

A

Sterile loop used to pick up bacteria of a pure colony from an agar plate

35
Q

Cell culture step 3

A

Bottle lid removed and mouth of bottle sterilised by passing it through flame - bacteria transferred to sterile liquid agar in bottle using loop

36
Q

Cell culture step 4

A

Bottle mouth sterilised by passing through a flame then lid replaced tightly

37
Q

Cell culture step 5

A

Loop finally sterilised

38
Q

Genetic engineering step 1

A

Insulin gene located in chromosome using gene probe

39
Q

Genetic engineering step 2

A

Insulin gene removed from chromosome using endonuclease enzymes

Plasmid removed from bacterial cell and cut open using endonuclease

40
Q

Genetic engineering step 3

A

Human insulin gene sealed into plasmid using ligase enzyme

41
Q

Genetic engineering step 4

A

Genetically engineered bacterial cell

Hybrid plasmid introduced into bacterial cell

Bacteria cultured and human insulin issued and purified

42
Q

Mitosis stage three

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator

43
Q

Mitosis stage one

A

Cell with diploid number of four

43
Q

Mitosis stage two

A

Chromosomes replicate and spindle Appears

Rebecca Science (4 decks)

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