Unit 1 Flashcards
How did Industrialisation change the position of children
- change in child labour, restricted working hours
- compulsory education
- children’s rights e.g specialist health care
- laws protecting children
Why are people getting married later
- putting education first
- less stigma
- secularisation
- not enough money to do so
- fear of divorce
Reasons for the increase in divorces
- easy to do so
- position of women
- less stigma
- higher expectations
- secularisation
Functionalist view on family?
Believe all units of society work together to keep society functioning. Family satisfy the functional needs to enable society to survive.
Functionalist: Murdock view? 4 essential functions
- sexual- stable satisfaction of the sex drive. Prevents disruption caused by ‘free for all’
- reproduction
- socialisation
- economic
- emotional
Relationship between family and other parts of social system?
- education
- work
- media
- crime
- religion
Functionalism: parsons: what are the two changes of family structure linked to industrialisation
-structural changes
Geographically mobile workforce- nuclear family mobile and move around country
Socially mobile workforce- conflict of higher achieving younger generation stayed at home
Functionalism: why are the functional changes of the family linked to industrialisation?
Evolution of society= process of specialisation + structural differentiation. Institutions specialise in fewer functions, meaning many traditional family functions moved to institutions e.g. School. Family been stripped of its general non-essential functions
Who is likely to get a divorce?
- those who marry young
- have a child before they marry
- cohabit before they marry
- previously had a divorce
How is the distinction between childhood and adulthood becoming blurred
- the way they dress
- teenage pregnancies
- earning money
- social media they have access to
Reasons for the decline in birth rate
- changes in the position of women
- legally equal with men
- women are putting education + work first
- access to contraception
- more remaining childless
Why is there a decline in infant mortality rate?
- improved housing and better sanitation
- better nutrition
- better knowledge of hygiene
- improved care e.g antenatal + postnatal clinics
Reasons for the decline in the death rate
- improved nutrition
- medical improvements: immunisations etc.
- public health measures
- higher income = healthier lifestyles
African Caribbean families
- dual heritage children
- higher divorce rates in African Caribbean families
- avoid settling down
Asian families
- old fashioned nuclear family
- live in extended families
- marriage is highly valued
- tend to marry younger
Stephen wagg’s view on childhood
- no universal idea of childhood
- it’s not natural
- all humans go though physical development but different cultures interpret this differently
Trends in childbearing
- more being born outside of marriage
- having them later
- less children or none at all
Changes in childrearing
- mixed heritage families
- more reconstituted families
- adoption
- lone parent families
- smaller families
New right on lone parent families: ford and Millar
- critical as they are state dependant
- children lack discipline due to no father figure
- linked to educational underachievement
March of progress view on the position of children
- better than it has ever been
- better cared for, laws against child abuse etc.
- better education
- better healthcare
The conflict view on the position of children
- children face many inequalities
- more oppressed and dependant
- gender inequalities e.g. Girls have to do more work
- Firestone: protection from paid work is not a benefit but inequality
