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Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Information?

A

Data that has been processed to give it meaning

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2
Q

What is knowledge?

A

Information with a set of rules applied to it - a conclusion has been drawn

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3
Q

What does GIGO stand for and what does it mean?

A

Garbage In, Garbage Out

If something is input wrong into the computer, the output will also be wrong

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4
Q

What are the four types of validation checks? Brief description on each

A

Range check - check numbers are between a certain range
Format check - correct mix of letter and numbers checked
Presence check - check the field is not left empty
Check digit - extra number at the end of a set of numbers to check, through calculation, if the previous numbers are correct
Lists - forced to make a choice from a drop down list of options so only valid data can be entered

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5
Q

What is a transcription error?

A

Errors when copying data onto a computer (could be caused by bad handwriting)

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6
Q

What is a transposition error?

A

Characters are accidentally swapped around (accidentally pressing the wrong key)

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7
Q

What are good ways for minimising errors on a computer?

A 
Visually check (proofread) 
Double key (enter data twice and check they are the same)
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8
Q

What are some characteristics of good quality data?

A

True and correct
Fit for purpose
Unbiased

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9
Q

What are some examples of interactive TV services?

A 
Pay-To view: eg - buying a movie on demand 
Shopping
Betting
Dating
Voting
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10
Q

What are typical 1)input 2)output devices for gaming?

A

1) joysticks, steering wheels, game controllers

2) speakers, television equipment, vibration feature on remote

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11
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of gaming?

A

Ad: some educational, develop team working skills
Dis: sedentary, can lead to obesity and other health issues

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12
Q

Examples of image manipulation?

A

Cropping, red eye reduction, filters

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13
Q

What are megapixels?

A

Used to compare the quality of images taken, the more the better.
Made up of one million pixels (pixel is a dot of light)

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14
Q

What devices does digital photography involve? Examples of each

A

Input - image sensors
Storage - flash memory, built in memory
Output - screen, printer

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15
Q

What is Data?

A

Raw facts or figures

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16
Q

What does a webcam do?

A

Transmit still photos and videos across the internet

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17
Q

What are Facebook/my-spaces uses? (Social networking)

A

Get in touch with people
Find old friends and get in touch
Post videos and images
Download music
Join groups with people with a similar interest
Comment on others profiles, pictures and videos

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18
Q

What does downloading mean?

A

Taking a file from the internet and saving a copy of it

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19
Q

What are the disadvantages of downloading?

A

Puts the device at risk of virus’s

Accidentally (or not) downloading illegally are at risk of getting their internet access blocked

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20
Q

What are the ways in which a device can connect to the internet? Brief description of each

A

Broadband - connect using high speed data link
Satellite - beamed data signals from satellites orbiting the earth
Mobile - connect via a telephone company
Dial up - connect to telephone lines by dialling your internet service providers (ISP) number.
Cable - connect to cable company, often comes in packages with TV service

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21
Q

What are the three types of connection technology?

A

Wireless
Bluetooth
GIS (Geographical Information Systems)

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22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of wireless technology?

A

Ad: can use it in various places (WIFI hotspots), no wires needed
Dis: easier for hackers when using in a public spot, possible health risk

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23
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Bluetooth technology?

A

Ad: no cables needed, quick to set up, no new computer software needed
Dis: only be used in a short distance (same room), possible health risk

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24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of GIS (Geographical information Systems)?

A

Ad: Save money and environment by choosing shortest route, plan time using it’s ETA (estimated time of arrival) system
Dis: send large cars/lorries down rural routes where they won’t fit, sometimes data is not up to date, can distract drivers

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25
What is an online shopping sight behind the professionally designed page?
A large database
26
What are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping for the business?
Ad: wider customer base, trading can be at any time, cheaper (no shop bought or rented) Dis: if the server fails business is lost, customers without the internet are lost, high initial set up costs
27
What is double keying and why is it used when buying online?
Customers are made to enter key information twice to check it is correct
28
What are the different ways (using ICT) that attendance can be taken at school?
``` Paper based (by hand) Keyboard entry Optical mark recognition (OMR) (by hand then scanned into computer) Smart cards (students place them into card readers) Magnetic strip cards (students swipe to let them into school) Biometric (fingerprints or eyes scanned) ```
29
What does MIS stand for and what does it do?
Management Information Systems - used by managers to provide them with data and statistics so they can make decisions
30
What are data logging systems and when is it used in schools and why?
The collection of data over a period of time using sensors linked to the computer. Often used in science experiments, automatic data collection is more accurate (but can be expensive)
31
What are the types of sensors data logging has?
Temperature, light, PIR (Passive infra-red), pressure, sound
32
What are sensors?
Input devices used to feed information into a computer from the outside world.
33
What are the sensors used in weather forecasting?
Temperature, wind, pressure, humidity, rain
34
Some example of home technology and advantages and disadvantages of it?
3D television, smart phones, interactive consoles (Wii) Ad: 3D allows more realistic viewing, smart phones mean people can access the internet anywhere with coverage, convenience Dis: more appealing technology mean less physical activity and more sedentary activities leading to health problems
35
Some example of school technology and advantages and disadvantages of it?
VLE are allowing pupils to access tests and resources online, biometric registration Ad: can learn at anytime, teachers focus less on registration and more on planning Dis: not every pupil has access, teachers need to be trained
36
What are the advantages and disadvantages of weather technology? (Environment technologies)
Ad: sensors are very accurate and forecasting helps people Dis: some worry we rely on technology too much
37
What is a GUI and what does it enable you to do?
Graphical User Interface Make changes based on your needs and preferences such as: Make screens and icons different sizes Change resolutions and colour scheme Change volume, contrast and brightness and wallpaper
38
What are some features of the desktop environment?
On-screen help and shortcuts (control+c=copy) Password protection Folder management
39
What are the three ways learning may take place on a computer?
Online tutorials Online assessment Virtual Learning Environment
40
What learning devices/software can help the disabled?
Braille keyboard, microphone (verbal commands), text to speech software (computer reads allowed what is written), customised desktops environments
41
What is application software?
Software designed to carry out a particular set of tasks. (Works with operating software which controls software and hardware.
42
What are the three main types of application software? Brief description
Generic- wide range of tasks eg. Spreadsheets Specialised- smaller range of tasks eg. Accounting software Bespoke- created for specific organisation and tasks (very expensive)
43
What are the four sources information can come from?
Files on disks (transfer from one PC to another - USB) CD-ROM (can use encyclopaedias) Database (big source) Internet (unreliable but can search for information)
44
What are databases used for?
Storing and organising large amounts of data on a computer
45
What is a query in a database?
A way of searching for specific data, written in the form of Field-Operator-Criteria. They can be simple or complex depending on the specificity of the search
46
What is Field-Operator-Criteria in terms of queries in databases?
Field is what is searched for eg. Number of items Operator is how much is asked for eg. , = Criteria is the resulting answer eg. 13
47
What are the 10 types of data?
Number, text, date, time, currency, Boolean (used when two choices are available), lists, picture, sound, video
48
Why are databases made up of? Brief description of each
Fields - columns of a particular item of data eg. A list of surnames Records - rows/a collection of fields eg. All of Mr Jones's information Files - a collection of records
49
What is a key field?
A unique field - no other record will have the same field | Eg. Car registration number
50
What is a search engine?
A big database of websites, you can carry out searches for websites using keywords
51
What should reports in searches and queries include?
Relevant information Be appropriately formatted Sensible title, date and page numbering Used calculated fields if necessary
52
What are the advantages of handling information on a computer?
``` Faster access to data (searches and queries) Variety of output formats (screen, printed, transferred) Data integrity (validation checks) ```
53
What features will a data handling system use to ensure the data stays secure?
Password protection Access rights (limited access for different levels of staff) Backup procedures
54
What is an email and what are they used for?
An electronic message sent between PC's via the internet. | They are used for communicating work and leisure purposes everyday
55
What are the 8 features of email ? Brief explanation
Compose - compose a message Signature - put at the bottom of each message Group email - create a distribution list CC - carbon copy (seeing who the group email was also sent to) BCC -blind carbon copy (cannot see who also receive the group email) Attachments - attach files Forward - resend a message you received Address book - save names and email addresses of people Folders - group related emails and title the group (folder)
56
What are the advantages of email?
Efficient Files easily attached and sent Less paper used (better for environment)
57
What are the disadvantages of email?
Harmful computer viruses spread Lots of spam and junk mail Could be hacked into
58
What are the ways email reduce its disadvantages?
Spam filters Virus scanners Parental control (for abusive language)
59
What are the three main parts of spreadsheets? Brief description
Data - the text/numbers typed in Labels - headings explaining the data Formulas - automatic calculations
60
What are spreadsheets used for?
Data storage, and performing calculations
61
What are the four main types of formula used in spreadsheet?
+ - * /
62
What are the five functions (more advanced calculations) used in spreadsheet?
SUM - adds up everything in the bracket afterwards AVERAGE - finds the average of everything in the brackets afterwards IF - makes decisions (follows the commands of the bracket afterwards) MIN - finds the smallest number in the bracket afterwards MAX - finds the largest number in the bracket afterwards.
63
Examples of formatting techniques on spreadsheet?
``` Borders Formatted according to data type (cells with money have a £ in front) Cells merged Different font Background fill ```
64
What is a relative cell reference in spreadsheets?
When you drag (replicate) a formula down the spreadsheet and the cells change depending on their data
65
What is absolute cell referencing in spreadsheets?
Placing a dollar sign before each letter and number of the cell reference, when replicated, it will be fixed
66
What are the benefits of using spreadsheet?
When data changes formulas automatically recalculate Accurate maths Charts and graphs produced easily
67
Explain the process of control systems?
Data from sensors are processed by a computer which decides whether to send a control signal to other devices such as motors or lights
68
What are the two types of control systems? Brief description
Feedback systems - the output changes the input eg. A heater (changed by the outside temperature) Non-feedback systems - the output doesn't change the input eg. Burglar alarm (not affected by surroundings
69
What is desktop publishing (DTP)?
Allows you to make professional looking documents like newsletters or posters
70
What are the features of desktop publishing?
Spellchecker/thesaurus Mail merge (sending documents via a database) Automatic routines eg. Headers and footers And other obvious ones - can find on word
71
What good practice design recommendations can be made whilst designing a website?
Sequencing instructions (a few step instructions) Animations Transitions (animate the way the slides move from each page) Links (hyperlinks eg. buttons)
72
How can someone adapt their presentation for the disabled?
Sound Clear fonts Pop-up comments for description of images
73
What is the copyright designs and patents act 1988?
Used to make sure that intellectual property - such as text, music or images - is protected. Things that were then made illegal: -Copying a CD ROM without the authors permission -Using images on business sights without permission -Downloading or sharing music over the internet for free
74
What are examples of dangers our society is facing as a result of the ever growing internet?
Disclosure of personal data Misuse of images Inappropriate language
75
What is the code of conduct for being safe online?
``` Don't give out personal information Don't interact with strangers Don't give bank details in emails Don't open unknown attachments Don't post pictures and use a pretend name Report any wrongdoing of others ```
76
What are ways in which data can be damaged? Keep your backup in a different location
Accidental destruction of data Viruses and malicious activity Transmitted data from unauthorised access (hacking)
77
What are the health problems associated with computer use?
RSI - repetitive strain injury Eye strain Backache Stress

ICT (2 decks)

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