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Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

PR interval duration

A

0.12-0.20

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1
Q

P wave duration

A

0.06-0.10

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2
Q

QRS interval

A

0.06-0.11

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3
Q

What is the J point

A

Where QRS complex meets ST segment

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4
Q

QT interval

A

0.36-0.44

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5
Q

What does QT interval measure?

A

Time of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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6
Q

What is the standard signal amplitude?

A

1.0 mV or 10 small vertical square

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7
Q

View of aVR

A

Atria and great vessels

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8
Q

View of aVL

A

Lateral wall of LV

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9
Q

View of aVF

A

Inferior wall of left ventricle

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10
Q

Anterior leads

A

V1-4

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11
Q

Lateral leads

A

I, aVL, V5-6

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12
Q

Inferior leads

A

II, III, aVF

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13
Q

A normal rate that suddenly accelerates to as rapid rate producing irregularity in the rhythm

A

Paroxysmal tachycardia

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14
Q

Patterned irregularities

A

Repeats itself in a cyclic fashion

-sinus dysrhythmia, second degree av block type 2

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15
Q

Totally irregular

-irregularly irregular

A

A fib

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16
Q

P wave amplitude

A

0.5-2.5mm

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17
Q

P wave amp >2.5

A

RAE

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18
Q

P pulmonale

A

RAE

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19
Q

P wave width >0.10s

A

LAE

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20
Q

P mitrale

A

LAE

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21
Q

Saw tooth pattern

A

Flutter waves; atrial flutter

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22
Q

Inverted P wave originates from?

A

Lower RA near the AV node, in the LA or the AV junction

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23
Q

Causes of tall QRS complexes

A

Ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal pacemaker, aberrantly conduct beat

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24
Q

Low voltage QRS

A

Obese patients, hypothyroid, pericardial effusion

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25
Q

PR interval denotes depolarization of

A

Heart from the SA node through the atria, AV node, and his-purkinje system

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26
Q

Shorter p waves occur when

A

The impulse originates in the atria close to the AV junction or in the AV junction

  • through abnormal accessory pathways
  • preexcitation
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27
Q

Delta wave

A

WPW

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28
Q

Longer PR interval

A

Usually AV block

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29
Q

Varying PR intervals

A

Wandering atrial pacemaker

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30
Q

Normal axis

A

0 and 90 degrees

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31
Q

LAD degrees

A

0 to -90

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32
Q

RAD degrees

A

90-180

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33
Q

Extreme axis deviation degrees

A

180 to -90

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34
Q

Causes of LAD

A

LVH, chronic CAD, hyperkalemia, WPW

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35
Q

Causes of RAD

A

Normal in children and tall thin adults, RVH, pulmonary embolus

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36
Q

Who is likely to have a vertical heart?

A

Tall thin individuals

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37
Q

Who’s likely to have a horizontal heart?

A

Obese and pregnant people

38
Q

Leads diagnostic for RAE

39
Q

Clinical conditions with RAE

A

Pulmonic stenosis, mitral stenosis/regurgitation

40
Q

P wave in V1 for LAE

A

Negative

One small block

41
Q

RVH criteria

A 
RAD
R wave(7mm tall usu)>s wave V1
42
Q

Causes of RVH

A

Pulm stenosis or pull HTN

43
Q

Causes of LVH

A

HTN and valvular heart disease

44
Q

LVH criteria

A

Sum of deepest S in V1 or V2 + the tallest R in V5 or V6 is >35mm

  • R in aVL >11mm
  • R in lead I plus S in lead III >25mm
45
Q

Sinus bradycardia

46
Q

Pts are less tolerant of rates <

47
Q

Sinus tachycardia

48
Q

Patterned irregularity slowing, speeding up, then slowing

A

Sinus dysrhythmia

49
Q

Heart rate _____ during inspiration and ______ during expiration

A

Increases; decreases

50
Q

What can cause sinus dysrhythmia?

A

Inferior wall MI, digitalis, morphine, increased intracranial pressure

51
Q

Sinus pause

A

1-2 beats dropped

52
Q

Sinus arrest

A

3+ beats dropped

53
Q

Sinus node dysfunction

A

Periods of bradycardia, tachycardia, prolonged pauses or alternating brady and tachy

54
Q

3 mechanisms that cause atrial dysrhythmias

A

Automaticity, triggered activity, reentry

55
Q

Atrial dysrhythmias can lead to

A

Decreased CO and decreased tissue perfusion

56
Q

Key characteristic of atrial dysrhythmias

A

P waves looks different in appearance

57
Q

Drug toxicity hat causes wandering atrial pacemaker

58
Q

PACs have a ______ pause

A

Non compensatory

59
Q

Types of PACs

A

Bigeminal, trigeminal, quadrigeminal

60
Q

PAC with wide QRS complex

A

PAC with aberrant ventricular conduction

-check to see if noncompensatory to distinguish between PVC

61
Q

Atrial tachycardia

A

Rate 150-250

-short PR and P waves may be different

62
Q

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia(PAT)

A

Short bursts of atrial tach

63
Q

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

A

Irregular rhythm with HR 120-150

- p waves look different from beat to beat

64
Q

SVT

A

The P waves cannot be seen sufficiently

-can include PAT, nonPAT and multi focal atrial tachy

65
Q

Saw tooth

A

Atrial flutter

66
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Atrial rate of 250-350 with saw tooth appearance

-common 3:1 conduction ratio

67
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Atrial fibrillation

68
Q

A fib causes ________ of atrial kick

69
Q

P wave characteristic in junctional dysrhythmias

A

Inverted p wave

70
Q

PJC

A

Inverted P with early QRS complex

-noncompensatory pause

71
Q

Junctional escape rhythm

A

AV junction rate of 40-60bpm

72
Q

Accelerated junctional rhythm

73
Q

Junctional tachycardia

A

100-180bpm

74
Q

Features of ventricular dysrhythmia

A

Wide bizarre QRS

  • absent P waves
  • T waves in opposite direction of the R wave
75
Q

PVC

A

Wide, bizarre QRS

  • compensatory pause
  • can be unifocal or multifocal
  • bigeminal, trigeminal, quadrigeminal
76
Q

2 PVCs in a row are called

77
Q

PVCs that fall between 2 regular complexes and do not interrupt the normal cardiac cycle are called

A

Interpolated PVCs

78
Q

PVCs occurring on or near the previous T wave is called

A

R on T PVCs

79
Q

R on T PVCs may precipitate what?

A

V tach or v fib

80
Q

Idioventricular rhythm

A

20-40bpm

  • no p wave
  • wide QRS
81
Q

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

A

40-100bpm
No p wave
Wide QRS

82
Q

V tach

A

100-250 bpm
No p wave
Wide QRS

83
Q

3+ PVCs in a row

84
Q

Sustained VT

A

6-10 complexes

85
Q

Tx of torsades without cardiac arrest

A

Magnesium sulfate

86
Q

Tx of torsades with cardiac arrest

A

Defibrillation

87
Q

V fib

A

300-500bpm, chaotic

88
Q

Most common cause of prehospital cardiac arrest in adults?

89
Q

1st degree av block

A

PR Interval longer than 0.20

90
Q

2nd degree av block type I

A

Wenckebach

PR interval progressively increases until a QRS complex is dropped

91
Q

2nd degree AV block type II

A

Prolonged and constant PR interval

Intermittent P wave with no QRS complex

92
Q

3rd degree AV block

A

No correlation between p wave and QRS

EKG (5 decks)

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